https://archives.uwp.edu/files/original/9e10df4753eb781c3bd6442a39b06cc6.pdf 8da4814dc168517e54db2a24fc8ab40b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource University of Wisconsin - Parkside Ranger News Description An account of the resource Student newspaper of UW-Parkside Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Headline Used for newspapers, the Headline element describes the main article of the issue. Firebaugh Receives Award Text Any textual data included in the document fIREBAUGH RECEIVES AWARD· Four outstanding young faculty members who teach on five University of Wisconsin campuses were rewarded Wednesday with $1,000each for superior classroom performance. The honored teachers are: Asst. Prof. Samuel P. Bowen, political science, UW-Madison; "Asst. Prof. Morris W. Firebaugh, pbysics, UW-Parkside; Asst. Prof. August J. Rogers, III, economics, UW-Milwaukee, all given the awards named for William Kiekhofer, late UW professor of economics; and James Lorence, an instructor on the Marshfield and Wausau campuses of the Center System, who received the Emil H. Steiger award named for the late Oshkosh business leader and University benefactor. Lorence teaches history, Bowen, 30, received his B.A. from the University of Iowa in 1962 and his Ph.D. from Cornell University in 1967. Before coming to Madison in 1969,he served as an instructor at Cornell and the University of California. He was cited "for excellent rapport with undergraduates, his infectious enthusiasm, and / for establishing himself as one of the best teachers in his department." After serving as a research associate and instructor on the University's Madison campus in 1967-69,Firebaugh, 32, joined the Parkside faculty. He received his B.A. from Macalester College in 1959, the M.S. in 1968 and Ph.D. in 1966, both from the University of Illinois. His citation stated: "He is an enthusiastic teacher ... who has written his own laboratory exercises and built up outstanding laboratory equipment. He has developed new methods to introduce students to computer science." Rogers, 41, on the l.!WM faculty since 1968, teaches American Economy, and "under his leadership," the citation stated, "the course has become one of the most exciting offerings at the beginning level." In addition, he has been closely associated with the Experimental Program on Higher Education, developing proposals to recruit and' teach disadvantaged students. He received his Ph.D. at Michigan State University in 1969. Lorence, 32, holds UW B.S. (1960), M.S. (1964), and PH.D. (1970) degrees. He has been an instructor on the Center campuses for four years. "He has quietly become an American history leacher of the very highest excellence," his citation read. "He is Willing to give of his time and energy on hehalf of individual students and student activities. He presents his lectures vividly, with enthusiasm, and with excellent organiza tion. " The program of Kiekhofer awards began on the Madison campus in 1953 from a grant established to perpetuate the leaching ideals of Prof. Kiekhofer, for 38 years a member of the economics faculty. In 1959 an additional award was established by Mrs. Sophia S. Roth and Carl E. Steiger of Oshkosh as a memorial to their father, Emil H. Steiger. This year, for the first time, eligibility for the awards was extended to all' campuses of the University. Young faculty members are nominated. by their departments and campus teaching award committees. An all-University committee makes the final selection of recipients, who must have full-time appointments for the next academic year, and who are planning to make teaching an important part of their careers. uwp, KENOSHA CAMPUS 3100 ASHINGT R 20 APRIL J970 '\ , ~ Parleside's new temporary student union (lower right) is scheduled to be completed In September. Persons involved in the project say the building could be ready for use by the end of this term. NIXON PROPOSES CHANGES IN LOAN PROGRAMS (CPS) - President Nixon's proposals to revamp federal aid to college students have been blasted by the higher education lobby and applauded by the American Bankers Association. Nixon's new plan, which must be approved by Congress before going into effect, provides for an end to the National Defense student loan program. In its place would be established the National Student Loan Association (NSLA), which would "enableall students to obtain government guaranteed loans,'" according to Nixon. Interest on these loans would be a market rate, currently .9% per cent per year. Unlike the current program, where the government pays interest while the -student is in school, interest payments would be deferred until "the borrower is well out of school and earning a good income." This would be accomplished "by extending the maximum repayment period from ten to 20 years. Nixon estimated that the NSLA would buy up to $2 billion in student loan paper from banks and colleges. NSLA would raise money by selling stock to financial institutions. Students would be able to harrow up to $2,500 per year, up from the' current, $1,500. "The ability of all students tp obtain loans would be increased," Nixon said. "The financial base of post-secondary education would be correspondingly strengthened. It is significant that this would be done at no cost to the federal taxayers." All federal aid to students whose parents have gross incomes of over $10,000would be ended by the new proposals. Nixon called this a step toward revamping student aid "so that it places more emphasis on helping low-income students than it does today. "Something is basically unequal about opportunity for higher education when a young person. whose family earns more than $15,000 a year is nine times more likely to attend college than a young person whose family earns less than $3,000," Nixon said. . . "Something is baslcal,ly wrong W.lth Federal policy toward higher education when it.has failed to correct this meqUl.ty, and when government programs spending $5.3 billion yearly have largely been disjointed, ill-directed and WIthout a coherent long- range plan. "Something is wrong with higher education policy when - on the threshold of a decade in which enrollments will increase almost 50 per cent - not nearly enough attention is focused on the twoyear community colleges so important to the careers of so many young people. "Something is wrong with higher education itself when curricula are often irrelevant, structure is often outmoded, when there is an imbalance between teaching and research and too often in an indifference to innovation." Nixon said his proposals will increase aid to students who are poor. A student with annual parental income of $3,000 would receive $700in federal scholarships and work study, and $700 in subsidized loans, with the interestat three per cent Assuming he earns $300 during the summer, Nixon said this would enable him to attend a "moderate cost" college which costs $1,700 per year, including fees, books, room board and misceHaneous expenses. The amount of aid would drop as parental income rose. Students whose parents earned over $6,800 would receive no work study or federal scholarship aid, but would be eligible for $700in subsidized loans. When parental income reached $10,000 there would be no aid available, except for the bank loans at market rate which are detailed above. Observers predicled the plan would force many students to turn to expensive bank loans. The American Bankers Association reacted gleefully to the plan which would increase bank profits by dropping the present seven per cent ceiling on federally guaranteed student loans. They called it "a most constructive recommendation." But the American Council on Education (ACE> said the message signaled a "fundamentally undesirable shift to high interest loans as a major national approach to the financing of higher education." "Requiring all students whose families have annual. incomes of over $10,000to rely solely on unsubsidized loans at current rates of 9% per cent will throw an impossible burden on them. A student who borrows $1,000a year for four years, will, if he elects to repay in 20 years, repay over $11,000 for that loan, In effect almost tripling the cost of his education, Besides proposing changes in federal aid to students, the message asked Congress to establish: • A National Foundation for Higher Education "to make grants to support excellence, innovation, and reform In private and public institutions." • A Career Education Program "to assist States and institutions in meeting the costs of starting new programs to teach critically-needed skills in community colleges and technological institutes." While applauding the emphasis on "aid to the disadvantaged," the ACE said the President's message represents "a severely constrained proposal for federal aid to higher education. Thus, almost ZOO institutions that have been encouraged since 1958to launch and expand new Ph. D, programs may find their basic Source of support ended." Nixon's 1971budget, said the A E, has already proposed to end: • Grants for graduate and undergraduate facilities, • Direct Loans for Academic Iacrlities: • The Community Services Program, • The College Teaching Equipment Program; • Annual Appropriations for the landgrant colleges; • Foreign language development and area studies; • Basic grants for library resources. The cutoff of aid at $10,000is liable to be heavily criticized in Congress. Middle income taxpayers are likely to inform their representatives that they aren't able to pay the cost of a college education, no matter what the President says. They will also point out the plan makes no allowance for families with two or more children in college at the same time. The estimate of $1,700for a "moderately priced" college is also likely to be severely criticized. The University of California,' with annual fees at a modest $300, estimates total costs for a "limited" budget as heing over $2,000. With fees going up across the nation, the figure of $1,700will be even more unrealistic next year. FIREBAUGH RECEIVES AWARD· Four outstanding young faculty members who teach on five University of Wisconsin campuses were rewarded Wednesday with $1,000 each for superior classroom performance. The honored teachers are: Asst. Prof. Samuel P. Bowen, political science, UW-Madison; Asst. Prof. Morris W. Firebaugh, physics, UW-Parkside; Asst. Prof. August J . Rogers, III, economics, UW-Milwaukee, all given the awards named for William Kiekhofer, late UW professor of economics; and James Lorence, an instructor on the Marshfield and Wausau campuses of the Center System, who received the Emil H. Steiger award named for the late Oshkosh business leader and University benefactor. Lorence teaches history. Bowen, 30, received his B.A. from the University of Iowa in 1962 and his Ph.D. from Cornell University in 1967. Before coming to Madison in 1969, he s.erved as an instructor at Cornell and the University of California. He was cited "for excellent rapport with undergraduates, his infectious enthusiasm, and for establishing himself as one of the best teachers in his department." After serving as a research associate and instructor on the University's Madison campus in 1967-69, Firebaugh, 32, joined the Parkside faculty. He received his B.A. from Macalester College in 1959, the M.S. in 1968 and Ph.D. in 1966, both from the University of Illinois. His citation stated: "He Is an enthusiastic teacher . .. who has written his own laboratory exercises and built up outstanding laboratory equipment. He has developed new methods to introduce students to computer science." Rogers, 41, on the UWM faculty since 1968, teaches American Economy, and "under his leadership," the citation stated, "the course has become one of the most exciting offerings at the beginning level." In addition, he has been closely associated with the Experimental Program on Higher Education, developing proposals to recruit and · teach disadvantaged students. He received his Ph.D. at Michigan State University in 1969. Lorence, 32, holds UW B.S. (1960), M.S. (1964)0 , and PH.D. (1970) degrees. He has been an instructor on the Center campuses for four years. "He has quietly become an American history teacher of the very highest excellence," his citation read. "He is willing to give of his time and energy on behalf of individual students and student activities. He presents his lectures vividly, with enthusiasm, and with excellent organization." The program of Kiekhofer awards began on the Madison campus in 1953 from a grant established to perpetuate the teaching ideals of Prof. Kiekhofer, for 38 years a member of the economics faculty. In 1959 an additional award was established by Mrs. Sophia S. Roth and Carl E. Steiger of _Oshkosh as a memorial to their father, Emil H. Steiger. This year, for the first time, eligibility for the awards was extended to all ' campuses of the University. Young faculty · members are nominated . by their departments and campus teaching award committees. An all-University committee makes the final selection of recipients, who must have full-time appointments for the next academic year, and who are planning to make teaching an important part of their careers. 20 APRIL 1970 P arkside's new temporary student union ( lower right) is scheduled to be completed tn September. Persons involved in the project say the building could be ready for use by the end of this term. NIXON PROPOSES CHANGES IN LOAN PROGRAMS (CPS) - President Nixon's proposals to revamp federal aid to college students have been blasted by the higher education lobby and applauded by the American Bankers Association. Nixon's new plan, which must be approved by Congress before going into effect, provides for an end to the National Defense student loan program. In its place would be established the National Student Loan Association (NSLA), which would "e.nable 0 all students to obtain government guaranteed loans," · according to Nixon. Interest on these loans would be a market rate currently 9¼ per cent per year. Unlike' the current program, where the government pays interest while the -student is in school, interest payments would be deferred until "the borrower is well out of school and earning a good income." This would be accomplished "by extending the maximum repayment period from ten to 20 years. Nixon estimated that the NSLA would buy up to $2 billion in student loan paper from banks and colleges. NSLA would raise money by selling stock to financial institutions. Students would be able to borrow up to $2,500 per year, up from the current $1,500. "The ability of all students to obtain loans would be increased," Nixon said. "The financial base of post-secondary education would be correspondingly strengthened. It is significant that this would be done at no cost to the federal taxayers." All federal aid to students whose parents have gross incomes of over $10,000 would be ended by the new proposals. Nixon called this a step toward revamping student aid "so that it places more emphasis on helping low-income students than it does today. ''Something is basically unequal about opportunity for higher education when a young person . whose family earns more than $15,000 a year is nine times more likely to attend college than a young person whose family earns less than $3,000," Nixon said. . . "Something is basically wrong w_ith Federal policy toward higher_ ~uca~on when it has failed to correct this mequ~ty, and when government programs spending $5.3 billion yearly have larg~ly been disjointed, ill-directed and w1thout a coherent long-range plan. "Something is wrong with higher education policy when - on the threshold of a decade in which enrollments will increase almost 50 per cent - not nearly enough attention is focused on the twoyear community colleges so important lo the careers of so many young people. " Something is wrong with higher education itself when curricula are often irrelevant, structure is often outmoded, when there is an imbalance between teaching and research and loo often in an indifference to innovation." ixon said his proposals will increa e aid to students who are poor. A tudent with annual parental income of $3,000 would receive $700 in federal cholar hip and work study, and $700 in subsidized loans, with the interesl at three per cent. Assuming he earn $300 during th summer, Nixon said this would enable him to attend a "moderate cosl" colleg which costs $1,700 per year, including f books, room board and miscellaneou expenses. The amount of aid would drop as parental income rose. Students who e parents earned over $6,800 would receive no work study or federal scholar hip aid, but would be eligible for $700 in subsidized loans. When parental income reached $10,000 there would be no aid available, except for the bank loans al market rate which are detailed above. Observers predicted the plan would force many students to turn lo expensive bank loans. The American Bankers Associalion reacted gleefully to the plan which would increase bank profits by dropping the present seven per cent ceiling on federally guaranteed student Joans. They called it "a most constructive recommenda lion." But the American Council on Education (ACE) said the message signaled a "fundamentally undesirable shift lo high interest loans as a major national approach to the financing of higher education.'' "Requiring all students whose families have annual incomes of over $10,000 to rely solely on unsubsidized loans at current rates of 91 4 per cent will throw an impossible burden on them. A student who borrows $1,000 a year for four years, will, if he elects to repay in 20 years, repay over • Annual Appropriali n for th land· grant college : • Foreign languag d v I pm nt and area studi : • Basic grant for library re ur The ~utoff of aid al 10,000 i liabl to b heavily criticized in ongr . . tiddle income taxpayers are likely to inform their representatives lhal they ar n't able to pay the cost of a colleg ducalion, no matter what the Pr sident ays. They will also point out the plan make no allowance for families with two or more childr n in college at the same lime. The estimate of $1,700 for a "moderate!_· priced" college is also likely to be severely criticized. The University of California,· with annual fees at a modest $300, estimates total costs for a "limited" budget as being over $2,000. With fees going up across the nation, the figure of $1,700 will be even more unrealistic next year. The Defense Budget, How It Grows II) I.EE II FilII II \ III. (,TO. CPS ,'ixon's muc h touted economy drive on the . d It'n e: budget has brought the P('OOIO' for IlJ71 down to $71.8 billion cnrnpared \\ Ith rn brllien for 1970 :":Ixon I thus pulled - 2 billion out of a hat and prt ll'd It a. prot') of America's occroa lnt: IOH tment In the Instruments of war to.I public Increasingly concerned b) D tronerruca! mllttar) expenditures A dust'r t' ..mmanon of the budget reveals "h) \(.'1") fl'''' deten e contractors are ~run,hhr~ about th crackdow n Tht. Ft.'hru.lr) I. ue of Electrunic '\t>\\", otiC' ul tht' most Important aerospace juurne ls, repnr ts, "The gloomy prt·till'lIons or reduc ~ military outlays I.ull"tl to pan out as th' Nixon budget hmu-d In ·n·a...,~ In atrcraH and rnl'sile procur ....llwnt a~ \H'II •. electro", and l·unUllUnlcatton!'lo. 0'.'1" tM' 19'70 funds i1pprm. 't1 b) C()n~r '~:-. • Thl' (. plunallon f the apparent lunlradll:hon lx·t", ('t'O i.I d"'chnmg defense hud~l't and r~lIIfll{contra 'l"i for the big .It'ru P,H~l' (:orporutlons rests In the Pt'nl,l~no' budgt:t flKur ~ AccordlOg to I>dl'n~l' Sl'(:rt:tnn; Mt'lvln Laird ('xp('rKhtur(~ un VI 'l;lam an' expected t~ f.JII rrom SJU billion a Yl'ar to $17 billion a ~t·.lr lur a tol"ll d('chnc of SIJ blillon_ The hud~l·tcuts ar' coming out of ordinance, ImH'r troup I·v 'Is, base c1~,"g. apparel. tr,Hl:purt"ltlfll1and other Industries closely ttt-d Ilh VlCtnam '1h I 'rcr.paCl,· (:ontraclors. specifically lhn-.(.' In...·ulv(·d In strategIc weapons ) 1I'Ill!>..~l,·t lh(' bulk of the sa billion HhHl·rl.·llC.:ebly, 'C'n\'Il'lnam cuts and the hudgl't l'uD In nt·..... 'ontracls for research, tk'\ 'Iopml'nt and production In 1971 strat~H': (orCl's will get nearly 1 II;} billion. an UKTC ..ISC of $500 million U\l'r llll' pre\'lOus )'l'4.1r The new Nixon hudgl.t abo sharply lI1cre4.1S(.~spendmg on rt~l'arl'h Thl' 1!171 proJedlon is $5.4 hllhnn, up !>.harplyrrom last year's $4.8 hllhon A(."l·nrdlO~to I':h'clrunic "t·..... !>. the Air Fur<:t.."spurt:hasl' of ..llrcrafL will rise in 1971 by $105 billion to $:J,6 billion, Navy mruOl[t purchases w1l1 Jump S800 million to :lA bllhon~ and Air Force missile purchase ...... ill fiSC $200 million to $3.3 billion There will also be a $220 million boost 10 Air Force and Navy electronics_ In fact, Nixon's "dl'Clining" derense bud~ct Includes more ncw military proturcment programs entering their Initial SW~l"Sthan any budget in the last decade ixon IS planning to build all the ne .... weapons systems the military has been dreamlllg abouL Some of the major flC'IAo programs inc.:ludcd10 the 1971 budget 1Mt Will accclerate the arms race and provIde enormous profits for defense (''OfltractonJ~Irc: • The 1"·14, a new air superiority fighter ror the avy. Projected tait: over $36 btillon • The McDonnell Douglas ""'-15,a ncw air supcnority lighter ror the Air Force. ProjeCted COtit.over $25 billion. • TIl LockhCC'dSo3A, a new carrier based 41lltl-submannc aircraft. • AWACS,a new airborne radar system. • ProJ"Cled CObt S15 bIllion • Th Frecdom Fighter, il new air supcn rtty rightcr for allied countnes. • The n·tA, 1I ne.....supcrsomc strategic bomber 10 rl'place the B·52 • TIle Ill"" Sarcguard ABM system who. Ultlllli.1ll·l'~t h;JSbeen estimated as lM,.·ty,l'(.·!1 S:l'U tn S~ltl billinll • '{'\l, hIgh Il"ChnologyJet engines for tht' B-IA the F 1-1and the F-15. • A lley, underwater l<.lunchedmissile for tht' U S nuclear submarines to replace th Po. 'Idon • n 'W fourth l{<,ncrahon land based I 8M to n.·ph' .(' the Mmuteman 3 Th( n(>'\A,y,ea pons systems are being given most or the money expected to be saved by cut-backs in Vietnam. This is. of course, the same money that liberals called the "peace dividend" and hoped would be spent on America's domestic problems. Nixon Administration officials have predicted privately that the defense budget In the next five years will stay in the $70 to $73 billion range. These press leaks are aimed at giving people the Impression that Nixon is seriously attempting to keep the defense budget under control. The White House fosters this illusion to mask the consolidation of a permanent increase in the size of the defense budget. Although the t971 budget is less than what was spent in 1970. it is $20 billion hIgher than before the Vietnam war started and there are indications that the defense budget will rise this year or in following years higher than the White House IS now estimating. The Nixon budget assumes that "Vletnamization" will be successful. However, any increase in the level of fighting will raise the size of the total defense budget proportionately. Even more ominous are indications that top orficials in the Pentagon see the 1971 budget, which includes massive increases for new weapons, systems, as only minimal program. Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird, ror instance. told the Senate Armed Services Committce and the Appropriations defense subcommittee that the 1971budget was only a "transition program" to hold the line until the real intentions or the Soviet Union and China could be ascertained. Arter describing how the U. S. will be in a second-rate strategic position in the mid1970s. Laird says more new weapons systems will be needed. "If the current Soviet buildup continues, we will need additional costly steps to preserve an erreclive detercnl. Pending the outcome of SALT (strategic arms limitation talks with the Soviet Union) we must continue those steps which are necessary to preserve our current strategic position. "Within that context, this austere Fiscal 1971 budget is designed to preserve the range of options we may need for possible outcomes of the talks, including those we may need if no agreement is reached and Soviet strategic deployments continue at or above the present levels." (Lee Webb is on the staff of The Guardian. The story appeared in LNS.l Summer Program Expanded An expanded summer program in which more than half the courses are being offered for the first time should result in another enrollment record at the University of Wisconsin-Parkside Sum!'"er Session Director John Valask~ predicted today. . In announcing the 1970summer session hmelable, Valaske noted that 46 of the 86 different courses listed are new to the s~n:!!,er ~rogram and include more upper diVISion (Junior-senior) courses than ever before. ' "Our appeal is more broadly based this year." Valaske said. "It no longer will be ne.cessat,"y ror students in southeastern Wlsconsm to attend summer school away from home to rind the courses they want and need." Last.summer. students from 80 colleges and umversities attended classes at UWP and tha~re is expected to increase this year. id ' Enrollment was 1,811 for Parks! e s second summer session last year, nearly twice as many as in 1968. This summer, valaske expects enrollment to top 2,000. Valaske said features of past summer sessions which have proved very popular with students will be retained. They include courses at all three Parkside campuses ~ Kenosha, Racine and l.he main campus on Wood Road - "':Ith primarily late afternoon and evening scheduling which allows students to lake as many as two 3-credit classes while attending school just two nights per week; and the compact eight~week session which still gives students a vacation of four to six weeks. Valaske said that the deferred credit program for high school juniors begun last, summer also would be continued. Under the plan, students completing their junior year in high school in the upper 25 per cent of their class may enroll for summer work on the recommendation of their high school counselor, with college credits 'earned held in "escrow" until completion of high school work. Valaske expects increasing number f June high school graduates to enroll toSo a "head start" in college. "They find ~~t informal atmosphere and individ e attention of summer school a good wa U~l make the transition from high SChoorto college," he said. "And studies show th 0 those who start in summer make bettat . grades during the fall." er Summer session timetables and furth information are available at all thr er Parkside campuses or by writing ee calling Valaske at Parkside. The eig;t~ week seSSIOn IS sch~dule~ from June 22 through Aug. 15. Registration will be held in the main concourse of Greenquist Hall June 17-18 from 1 to 9 p.m. No registration is necessary. preSummer session fees are scaled to th number of credits taken and are unifn e at all University of Wisconsin campusI'm Fees for ?tate residents are $55for one a~ two cre~ts; $85 for tru:ee and four credits; $115for five through rune credits; and $175 for ten or more credits. For oon-residems cQrresponding fees are $215,$325,$435a d $655. ' n THS Hears Talk on Drugs Tremper High School hosted a three prong attack against the use of drugs in the Kenosha area. First of the speakers in the three-phase program was Detective Robert Chase, who reported on the use of drugs in' Kenosha. He said, to an uninformed straight-laced audience, that marijuana has been used from in brownies to a topping on spaghetti. He then went on "The only way that we found that they haven't been able to take marijuana is by injections and believe me, they've tried everything else. Mayonnaise, wine, peanut butter, you name it and they'll try it." Detective Chase also stated, "We found they seem to be getting away from LSD. People using it say it's a bummer, it's bad, it's not as good as it's supposed to be. Now being taken is Mescaline. They use~ Mescaline exclusively. Here in Kenosha, anyone who says drugs aren't available is either afraid to admit it or does not want to go out and look for it. Th'e stuff is here. The youngest that Ithink we picked up on drug abuse is eleven years old and the oldest is 62." He also commented on drug safety in the home, warning parents to keep drugs in a safe place, not in the familiar medicine cabinet, but someplace where a close watch can be kept on them. The second phase of the program was presenled by Assislant D.A. Mr. Cosselle w~o after stating the old marijuana law~ said that one significant change is that anyone turning in illegal drugs, though they themselves are iQSsessing them, will not be charged with possession of the drugs because they are voluntarily turning' th~m i~ to th~ police. But if a person who is bemg lOvestlgated or about to be arrested would lurn in the drugs, he will still be prosecu ted, Now, with the new laws, the first time 'POss~sor . or user of marijuana if conVicted IS charged with a misdemea d h' f' nor an upon IS. Irst conviction the jUdge has the opportuOlty to place him on probation for a year ~nd .if at the end of that year he has n~t been mv?lved with drugs in any: ~ay hiS record Will be Wiped clean or the Judge can sentence him 10 the cOU~lyj '1 for a year or fine him $500 or both T~I. ~ecOnd . time you are convicted' fO~ possessmg or using drugs you are then· cha~g~ with a felony. You haven't an c~OIce III the matter and your' record isri~ WI~d ~lean. no mat,ter how good you are. .~fIrst tIme you re convicted of sellin ~anJuana the penalty imposed on you i~ lVe .y~ars and-or $5,000 fine. Second convlctIon, you can be imprisoned for not t mhorethan ten years and-or fined not more an $5,000. Another section of the law is th t who encourages or induces a adny.on~ a th t or a Vlses no er 0 buy to violate th' I ' IS aw, to ~ssess or use mariju~na can be charged With a felony. The maximum penalty is not more than five years in the state prison and ~ fine of not more than $2,500;also if that person you induced or sold to is under 21 years of age, you can and will be charged with a felony and you can be sent to prison for the maximum of 15 years' this is for a first conviction. For a second conviction it's 30 years and for a third the law says that such an offender sball he imprisoned for life. The program concluded wilh Mr. Peler Strazedes, who opened his discussion about his past life as a heroin addict for 17 years. He grew up in the Bronx and started along with 25 friends on marijuana. Eighteen of the 25 from there went onto heroin. Today the sad report is that he is the only one left alive, aside from one who's serving 20 to life for selling ,narcotics. "1. was smoking pot for four years afler I gradualed from high school. But as ~o often happens, Igot tired of that feeling. Ididn't enjoy thal high anymore." Then he was approached by a friend who told him what a sensational high he was getting from heroin. He decided to go along wilh him and stiffed beroin, commenting that "It was the best feelingI had in my life. Bulthal stiff led me on to 17 years of hell here on earth." The shots went up to eighl and nine times a day at 120 dollars a day. He was caught on charges of armed robbery, burglery and mail theft, and spent nine years in prisons. Finally, from an old friend, he received word ofa new organization for drug addicts in Chicago, and this is where he found a new life with God.. "I've been' off drugs nowfor three years and they've been the happiest years of my life." Along with Mr. Sirazedes' lalk he sbowed a film of a heroin addict who led a life similar to his. Tbe program was concluded with a shol lalk aboul the drugs that wer~ on display m a three-fold glass case showing many different types of drugs . SPECIALTY: LONG HAIR STYLI NG" CUTTING \ Crown your beauty '\l with a lovely - new hair style. SPRING BOOK SALE SOMETHING FOR EVERYONE STOP IN - AND SEE UNIVERSITY BOOK STORES The Defense Budget, How It Grows and that figure is expected to increase this year. / k ·ct ' Enrollment was 1,811 for Par si es second summer session last year, nearly twice as many as in 1968. This summer, Valaske expects enrollment to top 2,000. Valaske said features of past summer sessions which have proved very popular with students will be retained. They include courses at all three Parkside campuses - Kenosha, Racine and ~e main campus on Wood Road - "".1th primarily late afternoon and evening scheduling which allows students to ta~e as many as two 3-credit classes while attending school just two nights ~r we~k; and the compact eight-week sess10n wh1:h still gives students a vacation of four to six weeks. Valaske said that the deferred credit program for high school juniors begun last. summer also would be continued. Under the plan, students completing their junior year in high school in the upper 25 per cent of their class may enroll for summer work on the recommendation of their high school counselor, with college credits '.earried held in "escrow" until completion of high school work. Valaske expects increasing numbers f June high school graduates to enroll to g O t a "head start" in college. "They find t; informal atmosphere and individu 1 attention of summer school a good way ~ make the transition from high school t 0 college," he said. "And studies show th ~ those who start in summer make bett a grades during the fall." er Summ~r session ti~etables and further informat10n are available at all thr Parkside campuses or by writing ~e calling Valaske at Parkside. The eight~ week session is sch~dule~ from June 22 ~hrough A_ug. 15. Reg1strat10n will be held m the mam concourse of Greenquist Hall June 17-18 from 1 to 9 p.m. No preregistration is necessary. Summer session fees are scaled to th number of credits taken and are unifor~ at all University of Wisconsin campuses Fees for ~tate residents are $55 for one and two credits; $85 for three and four credits· $115 for five through_ nine credits; and $175 for ten or more credits. For non-residents cQrresponding fees are $215, $325, $435 and $655. • THS Hears Talk on Drugs :ovict a. ccrtained. ,\[tcr describing how the . will be in a. ~ond-rate trategic position in the mid19i0., Laird ay more new weapons y tern· will be needed. "If the current Soviet buildup continues. we will need add1ttonal cosUy tep to preserve an cflecltvc deterent. Pending the outcome of :\LT trategic arms limitation talks with the Soviet nion> we must continue those ·tep which are necessary to preserve our current strategic position. "Within that context, this austere Fiscal 1971 budget is designed to preserve the range of options we may need for possible outcomes of the talks, including those we may need if no agreement is reached and Soviet strategic deployments continue at or above the present levels." < Lee Webb is on the staff of The Guardian. The story appeared in LNS.) Summer Program Expanded An expanded summer program in which more than half the courses are being offered for the first time should result in another enrollment record at the niversity of Wisconsin-Parkside ummer ession Director John Valask~ predicted today. In announcing the 1970 summer session timetable, Vala ke noted that 46 of the 86 different courses listed are new to the um~er ~r~ram and include more upper d1v1 ion <Junior- eniorl courses than ever before. "Our appeal is more broadly based this year," Vala ke aid. "It no longer will be neces ary for tudents in southeastern Wi con in to attend summer school away from home to find the courses they want and need." La. t. umi:1er. students from 80 colleges and umver 1lles attended classes at UWP Tremper High School hosted a three prong attack against the use of drugs in the Kenosha area. First of the speakers in the three-phase program was Detective Robert Chase, who reported on the use of drugs in · Kenosha. He said, to an uninformed straight-laced audience, that marijuana has been used from in brownies to a topping on spaghetti. He then went on "The only way that we found that they haven't been able to take marijuana is by injections and believe me, they've tried everything else. Mayonnaise, wine, peanut butter, you name it and they'll try it." Detective Chase also stated, "We found they seem to be getting away from LSD. People using it say it's a bummer, it's bad, it's not as good as it's supposed to be. Now being taken is Mescaline. They use' Mescaline exclusively. Here in Kenosha, anyone who says drugs aren't available is either afraid to admit it or does not want to go out and look for it. Th'e stuff is here. The youngest that I think we picked up on drug abuse is eleven years old and the oldest is 62." He also commented on drug safety in the home, warning parents to keep drugs in a safe place, not in the familiar medicine cabinet, but someplace where a close watch can be kept on them. The second phase of the program was presented by Assistant D.A. Mr. Cossette, who after stating the old marijuana laws said that one significant change is that anyone turning in illegal drugs, though they themselves are j)QSsessing them, will not be charged with possessi"on of the drugs_because th~y are voluntarily turning· them m to the pohce. But if a person who is being investigated or about to be arrested would turn in the drugs, he will still be prosecuted. Now, with the new laws, the first time poss~sor . or user of marijuana if convicted 1s charged with a misdemeanor and upon his _first conviction the judge has the opportunity to place him on probation for a year and _if at the end of that year he has n~t been mvolved with drugs in any . ~ay his record will be wiped clean, or the Judge can sentence him to the county jail for a yea~ or fine him $500 or both. The secontl . time you are convicted for possessmg or using drugs you are then· cha:g~ with a felony. You haven't any c~mce m the matter and your record isn't wiped :lean_ no mat~er how good you are. T~~ first time you re convicted of selling 1:1an1uana the penalty imposed on you is five years and-or $5 000 fine S d . . r , . econ conv1c ion, you can be imprisoned for not mthore than ten years and-or fined not more an $5,000. Another section of the law is that anyone who encourages or induces or advises another to buy, to violate this law, to SPRING BOOK SALE ~ssess or use mariju~na can be charged with a felony. The maximum penalty is not more than five years in the state prison and~ fine of not more than $2,500; also if that person you induced or sold to is under 21 years of age, you can and will be charged with a felony and you can be sent to prison for the maximum of 15 years· this is for a first conviction. For a second conviction it's 30 years and for a third the law says that such an offender shall be imprisoned for life. The program concluded with Mr. Peter Strazedes, who opened his discussion about his past life as a heroin addict for 17 years. He grew up in the Bronx and started along with 25 friends on marijuana. Eighteen of the 25 from there went on to heroin. Today the sad report is that he is the only one left alive, aside from one who's serving 20 to life for selling ,narcotics. "I. was smoking pot for four years after I graduated from high school. But as liO often happens, I got tired of that feeling. I didn't enjoy that high anymore." Then he was approached by a friend who told him what a sensational high he was getting from heroin. He decided to go along with him and stiffed heroin, commenting that "It was the best feeling I had in my life. But that stiff led me on to 17 years of hell here on earth." The shots went up to eight and nine times a day at 120 dollars a day. He was caught on charges of armed robbery, burglery and mail thef~ and spent nine years in prisons. Finally, from an old friend, he received word of a new organization for drug addicts in Chicago, and this is where he found a new life with God. "I've been off drugs now for three years and they've been the happiest years of my life." Along with Mr. Strazedes' talk he showed a film of a heroin addict who led a life similar to his. The program was concluded with a shot talk about the drugs that were on display in a three-fold glass case showing many different types of drugs . SPECIALTY: G LONG HAIR STYLI NG~ cuTTIN \ ·Crown your beauty \ \_ with a lovely · new hair style. SOMETHING FOR EVERYONE STOP IN - AND SEE UNIVERSITY BOOK STORES Campus Protests Start Spring Offensives (CPS) -: 'I'he recent increase in campus protest is carrying over into the first weeks of spring. At the University of Maryland in College Park, 78 students were arrested at 3 a.m. March 24 after a 15 hour sit-in in the philosophy building. The students were protesting the department's failure to grant tenure to two popular assistant professors of philosophy. A student advisory committee had recommended the grant~ of tenure,-but . the deaprtment ignored the recommend'ltion. Three·hundred students originally staged-a sit-In a week earlier at which time they decided to give the department a week to reverse its decision. When no reversal came, the students re-occupied the building. The students demanded an increased voice in deciding tenure and maintained the faculty is a victim of the "publish or perish" ideology, in which faculty members do not receive tenure unless they have published a good deal of material to give the university prestige - at the expense of their leaching duties. Police moved into the building at2 a.m., arresting the students by 3 a.m. At the District of Columbia Teachers College, students staged a brief class boycott this month to protest the removal of the student newspaper editor by the administration. While President Paul Cook said the removal was over "poor grades, not politics," students maintained it was because the editor, Greg L. McCall, had allied the paper with Black militancy. They pointed out thatlast year's editor and other students had held campus positions while on academic probation and had not been removed.. The students maintained only students, not administrators should have the right 10 remove a studenl editor. The student protestors also asked for equal numbers of students and faculty on college policy making committees and for granting students "the same power to evaluate leachers as they (faculty) have to evaluate students." At Saint John's University in Jamaica, New York, 2,000 students raUied March 6 to protest a $200tuition increase scheduled to go into effect in June. Over 500 of 600 students at the Brooklyn center of Saint John's staged a similar demonstration. The students demanded a roU hack ill bJitionto $1,500 a year and a meeting with the board of trustees to discuss the issue. The students also caUed for a student, faculty. administrative committee to study funding and a committee to consider secularization of the University. Notice All students planning to leach next semester must file their application to Office Room 2fTI. underground at c:hiappetto's establishment doWntown kenosha Campus Protests Start Spring Offensives (CPS)--: 'fhe recent increase in campus protest is carrying over into the first weeks of spring. At the University of Maryland in College Park 78 students were arrested at 3 a.m. Mardh 24 after a 15 hour sit-in in the philosophy building. The students were protesting the department's failure to grant tenure to two popular assistant professors of philosophy. A student advisory committee had recommended the granting of tenure,-but the deaprtment ignored the recommen~tion. Three-hundred students originally staged a sit-in a week earlier at which time they decided to give the department a week to reverse its decision. When no reversal came, the students re-occupied the building. The students demanded an increased voice in deciding tenure and maintained the faculty is a victim of the "publish or perish" ideology, in which faculty members do not receive tenure unless they have published a good deal of material to give the university prestige - at the expense of their teaching duties. Police moved into the building at 2 a.m., arresting the students by 3 a.m. At the District of Columbia Teachers College, students staged a brief class boycott this month to protest the removal of the student newspaper editor by the administration. While President Paul Cook said the removal was over "poor grades, not politics," students maintained it was because the editor, Greg L. McCall, had allied the paper with Black militancy. They pointed out thatlast year's editor and other students had held campus positions while on academic probation and had not been removed. The students maintained only students, not administrators should have the right to remove a student editor. The student protestors also asked for equal numbers of students and faculty on college policy making committees and for granting students "the same power to evaluate teachers as they (faculty) have to evaluate students." At Saint John's University in Jamaica, uncl underground at chiappetta's establishment dc,Wntown kenosha New York, 2,000 students rallied March 6 to protest a $200 tuition increase cheduled to go into effect in June. Over 500 of 600 students al the Brooklyn center of Saint John's staged a similar demonstration. The students demanded a roll back i11 tuition to $1,500 a year and a meeting with the board of trustees to di cuss the i ue. The students al o called for a tudent, faculty, administrative commille to study funding and a committee to con ider secularization of the University. Notice All students planning to leach n l semester must file their application to Office Room 207. EDITORIALS Another Chance With Constitutional Congress delegate elections seven days away, Parkside students are to receive another chance at student government. During the seven campaigning days we are sure many, many posters, handouts and flyers will be placed around the campus in order to entice the student for his or her vote. Already posters advocating a kingdom have been circulating. Other groups uch as Concerned Students Coalition are formulating more serious pi ns for their slate of candidates. Even Zeta Beta Tau has two people running for congressional seats, attesting to the fact that the Greeks are interested in more than parties and beer. However. students who cast their ballots must be aware of one important POIOt. '0 matter who is elected, the delegates will be charged with forming a trong, efleetive student government - not one that had been witnessed in the past, but one deserving a place in the future. Without such awareness you will be left with a mockery - a do-nothing body 01 senators who attempt to pass on onlythe most trivial 01 ideas. Guest Editorial: Instructor Speaks Out They w r the war babies 01 the 19405, born 01 parents who thought they might never sec each other again and sought the comlort of immortality through choldren In the early 19605, they entered this nation's colleges en masse. War gam And th graduate school deferment. Who would not prefer the graduate school, however rigid, authoritarian, and petty, to Vietnam? And, to be fair, many including women, sought further education purely for the purpose of I armng. Whatever the motives, whatever the purpose, what it adds up to now I' Job market flooded with Ph.D.s seeking employment. Almost any school in th country could have 100 per cent 01 its faculty composed of Ph.D.s if it Parks ide wi hes So. as Parkside sheds its working clothes, and dons doctoral robes to bccom SUI't;lt-U, many questions arise. Is the quality of education really • gOing to be "mproved by the firing of experienced teachers and the hiring of new Ph D.s 1 r will the image of Parkside merely include the warm glow of addrticnal velvet? Morally relevant, too, is the question of what is to happen to the teachers tos sed back out into the job market where even the Ph.D.s are having a hard lime Imding work? Being !ired by one's previous employer is not the best recommendalion with which to begin applying elsewhere. Is the terminal degree the only valid means of measuring academic excellence If "academic exceUence" is just subject-matter proficiency, why not hav compeutive exammations for positions? If teaching ability is part of this "excellence", how can it be evaluated? Can a method be determined for valuating perlormance 01 students after they have taken a course? How reliable can student-colleague evaluation be considered? By what procedures can such evaluations be carried out? Do any methods exist lor comparative evaluation of "degrees"? How do foreign degrees compare to American degrees? Do the requirements differ? At the farthest extreme, would a Masters in English from Oxford be considered inlerior tc a Ph.D. in the same subject from, say, Eastern New Mexico State (if such existsr? Are all American degrees comparable? As Doupas Bush. renowned humanistic scholar who was for years professor 01 English at Harvard, sums up the problem, "Like everything else, the Ph D. has been cheapened by quantitative pressure and it might be e:,rncsUy wished that it were not a union card for the teaching profession. 1h re are plenty of young men and women who would be good teachers without such? degree. and the degree itself ought to mean something more than it does Socrut s would have had a chance at an assistant professorship." ....-..: f..I.'.e..tei-.. Y"Y\a..tu ......)t. "ALL THEM LONG HAIRED FREAKS SHOULD BE P - . ~UGS. I.ADIN' THIM DIRTY PAPERS AND DRE~~I:~ty! SMOKIN'THEM GODDAM 000..- IKE PIGS. ~~CK 'EM UP, BY c.Il .... Pt4ln SU~ltt -- PARKSIDE COLLEGIAN Volume I - No. 11 Bill Rolbiecke Connie Petersen John Jolicoeur Sven Taffs Neil Haglov Bill Jacoby Photographers John Pesta Advisor Published every two weeks by the students of. the University of Wisconsin.Parkside, Kenosha, Wisconsin, 531~O. Opinions exp:esse,d in editorials, cartoons, and articles are not necessa.n~y those of th~ ymverslty of Wisconsin-Parkside, its students, faculty, or a~11InIs~ators. Mailing .address is The Collegian, UW·Parkside, Kenosha, wtsconsm, 53140. Business and Editorial telephone number is 658-4861Ext. 24. . Marc H. Colby Editor-in-Chief April 20, 1970 Margie Noer Associate Editor• Member of lTIEtIJ -News Editor Feature Editor Business Manager Advertising Manager LETTERS to,the editor • • • says Students not Deserving To the Editor: I have on many occasions had the opportunity to pass through Greenquist Hall and observe the fine lounge furniture that is now situated on the concourse, which to many faculty and staff members is too good for students. I have come to believe this is true, not only in Oreenquist as an example, but practically anywhere, (Inany campus. On the concourse there are eight red and green checkered sofas, and four glass top tables. And to then examine Closely, everyone of these sofas has been deliberately mutilated in some way or another. Students have with pens or some form of ink, colored in the squares, or put cigarette burns in the cloth, or played tictac-toe, or written words or jokes on the seats in areas as much as a foot wrde.and these sofas are only seven months old. I'd hate to see them in. a Iew years. I'm surprised someone hasn't put a foot. through one of the glass top tables. Maybe it would be wise to take into consideration that one man once said, and that would be to cut down a tree and slice it down the middle for benches, and have steel top tables, where one could not carve his initials in it. Or for a lounge chair, have an old tin folding chair, which most everyone knows are quite uncomfortable. The students themselves determine what they deserve, in the end. and it seems as though they're heading down at Parkside. A week ago, Parkside's Greenquist Hall received some more beautiful lounge fu:niture for students and faculty to enjoy, With more to come. and even more when the Student Activities building is completed in August. Beautiful oak framed with thickly padded black vinyl seating. i can just visualize someone carving his name in the wood or slicing the cushion with a pen or knife. If this is what you want, line, it's what you'll get. It's up to you to take care of these objects and enjoy them. John Jolicoeur, a student TRIPE To the Editor: I'm writing to commend you and your staff on the excellent tripe you printed entitled "Four Changes". What is th~ ~me of our brave author'? I don't blame him fo~not signing his name. There were a few hnes m the article whi h b c were ~easona le"s~ch as "Man's careless use of resources. ' etcetera, of part III (Consumplton) . As for parts I, II and IV I find more wortJ;t in Mad. Sure, legali~e abortion _ what s the murder of an innocent life? I'm le,ad our dear author likes to play G~d (if I , acknowl!'dges that there is one) Also m sure glad Mr "F C " (f h' , ts '" our c anges) ~an to take a vigorous stand a . r"ght-wing in tbe Catholic hierar~~mst tthe It s such a relief to J'ust abs I Y. e c., f II' 0 ve yourself rom a gu.1t and responsibility a agam~t centuries of religious andnd tur~ tr~~lton - it's just so much easier,:,ora . '. next on "F.C.'s" agenda· _ . 0 marnage and community I' . gr up fun we can live I'k . ,vmg - oh what • e p.gs and catlle. You .are the clever one, "F.e."! Oh, and yoo are so practical with your little suggestions like "Learn how to use yoor own manure as fertilizer, refuse paper hags at the store and don't be dralled into the military." Be the first on your blockto store your manure, carry your cans, and avoid the unavoidable. Getting back to the communal living, you know, like pigs wow, sharing everything! Keen, we can ~ just like Russia and China, goodie, Inever really wanted to own anything like rand or a home or stupid jazz like that! Oh, a~ I just loved ·'F.C.'s" little list of "Let these be encouraged." Keen, I see lots of our little Russian and Chinese friends in there - are they going to help us fix up this icky country? How nice - and they're doing this with no reward? Oh, golly, those guys are really- swell. I always thought they were going to control our country! These were just a few of my comments on that wonderful article. Now I have a few questions to ask. How many of yoo brilliant and smart college students know who Theilhard de Chardin is? Oh, his past js really tnterestmg., Another question. What has happened to the concept 01seU· control when it comes to populatioo control. After all, we are intelligent human beings capable of controlling ourselves, our virtues, passions, etc .. I guess no one has any guts anymore - it's so much easier to resort to animal tendencies like abortion and community living. It's so easy just to follow "F.C." and his peers of spineless animals. What has happened to guts and morals and virtue? Who is the' "big authority" who makes those far-out statements like "there are now too many human beings"? Oh, is that a clever and profound statement and with just so many statistics to back it up - clever, clever. There are billions of acres of land just sitting around waiting for man ':0 make the best of it-like God's plan. a)!, I almost forgot - another groop to be encouraged are the Anarchists - dictionaries out everyone? 1 Now, isn't that just a fine bunch of folks with our goodat. heart? I could say a lot more, but I just wouldD't want to upset you. . Yes, I believe in God& guts& morals & virtue, absolutely, Lynn Miller Editor's Note: "Four Changes" was circulated by the Berkeley (CaIil.) Ecology Centre. Truth in Ad vertising? You've probably. seen the telev.isiOD commercial put out by the National Institute of Mental Health which shOWS a haggard man "strungout" on speed. The ad said the man is 21-years olda~ that he had started taking speed 10 p form and later graduated to shootiDIi methedrine. The headline under the picture reads, "Happy 21st Birthday; Johnny." "Most people take him for aboll 35," the ad goes on to say. . In reality, reports the Harvard ~rlmN: Johnny is a 30-year old actor from th York City who wore' make-uP for ~ commercial. He says he has never ~ speo:ctin any form, a~d he signed a rcllUJi' stating he knew in what way the ptc would be used. . d He was paid $150for appearing in tlJea , the Crimson reports. EDITORIALS Another Chance Guest Editorial: Instructor Speaks Out , born of parents who thought they ought the comfort of immortality ---~.. W '-'4- 'n'\• .. w,...:,, •ALL Tl-4 M LONG HAIRED FREAl(S SHOULD BE p - .. - OltUGS, REAOIN' THEM DIRTY PAPERS AND ORE~~l:~AY! SMOKIN' THEM GOOOAM GOD • LIKE PIGS. ~?CK 'EM UP, BY C•II••• Pru Sotrv ic.e PARKSIDE COLLEGIAN Volume I - No. 11 Marc H. Colby Editor-in-Chief April 20, 1970 (Im Margie Noer - Associate Editor Member of s] Bill Rolbiecke Connie Petersen John Jolicoeur Sven Taffs ·News Editor Feature Editor Business Manager Advertising Manager Photographers Advisor eil Haglov Bill Jacoby John Pesta Published every two weeks by the students ~f . the University of Wisconsin-Parkside; Kenosha, Wisconsin, 531~0. Opm1ons exp~ess~ in editorials, cartoons, and articles are not necessa_n~y those of th~ _Druvers1ty of Wisconsin-Parkside, its students, faculty, or a~m1st:ators. Mailmg _address is The Collegian, UW-Parkside, Kenosha, W1sconsm, 53140. Busmess and Editorial telephone number is 658--4861 Ext. 24. LETTERS to~ the editor . • • Says Students not Deserving To the Editor: I have on many occasions had the opportunity to pass through Greenquist Hall and observe the fine lounge furniture that is now situated on the concourse, which to many faculty and staff members is too good for students. I have come to believe this is true, not only in Greenquist' as an example, but practically anywhere, on any campus. On the concourse there are eight red and green checkered sofas, and four glass top tables. And to then examine closely, every one of these sofas has been deliberately mutilated in some way or another. Students have with pens or some form of ink, colored in the squares, or put cigarette burns in the cloth, or played tictac-toe, or written words or jokes on the seats in areas as much as a foot wide, and these sofas are only seven months old. I'd hate to see them in. a fey,, years. I'm surprised someone hasn't put a foot through one of the glass top tables. Maybe it would be wise to take into consideration that one man once said, and that would be to cut down a tree and slice it down the middle for benches, and have steel top tables, where one could not carve his initials in it. Or for a lounge chair, have an old tin folding chair, which most everyone knows are quite uncomfortable. The students themselves determine what they deserve, in the end. and it seems as though they're heading down at Parkside. A week ago, Parkside's Greenquist Hall received some more beautiful lounge fu_rniture for students and faculty to enjoy, with more to comP.. and even more when the Student Activities building is completed in August. Beautiful oak framed with thickly padded black vinyl seating. i can j~t visualize someone carving his name m the wood or slicing the cushion with a pen or knife. If this is what you want, fine, it's what you'll get. It's up to you to take care of these objects and enjoy them. John Jolicoeur ' a student TRIPE To the Editor: I'm writing to commend you and your sta~f on the excellent tripe you printed entitled "Four Changes". What is th~ ~me of our_ br?ve author? I don't blame him for not s1gmng his name There f li · · were a ew nes m the article which w ~easonable, 's~ch as ''Man's careless us::~ rcesources_ ' etcetera, of part III ( onsumpl!on). As for parts I, II and IV I f' d worth · M , m more w , m ad. Sure, legalize abortion - hats the murder of an innocent life? I' glad our dear author likes to play G~d (~ hel' acknowledges that there is one) Also m sure glad Mr "F c,, (f h. , ts to . · · · our c anges) 'A'.an . take a vigorous stand . nght-wmg in the Catholic h" agah1nst the ·t· h . 1erarc y etc . I s sue a relief to J·ust abs l , . , f JI · 0 ve yourself ro~ a guilt and responsibility and against centuries of religious a d turn tradition 't' · n moral 'oh - 1 s Just so much easier• . , next on "F.C.'s" agenda· · marriage and community r . - group fun we can live like pigs ~~~gcat~:. ~!~ .are the clever one, "F.C."! Oh, and you are so practical with your little suggestions like "Learn how to use your own manure as fertilizer, refuse paper bags at the store and don't be drafted into the military.' ' Be the first on your block to store your manure, carry your cans, and avoid the unavoidable. Getting back to the communal living, you know, like pigs wow, sharing everything! Keen, we can~ just like Russia and China, goodie, I never really wanted to own anything like Tand or a home or stupid jazz like that! Oh, a~ r just loved "F .C.'s" little list of "Let these be encouraged." Keen, I see lots of our little Russian and Chinese friends in there - are they going to help us fix up this icky country? How nice - and they're doing this with no reward? Oh, golly, those guys are really- swell. I always thought they were going to control our country! These were just a few of my comments on that wonderful article. Now I have a few questions to ask. How many of you brilliant and smart college students know who Theilhard de Chardin is? Oh, his past is really interesting. Another question. What has happened to the concept of selfcontrol when it comes to population control. After all, we are intelligent human beings capable of controlling ourselves, our virtues, passions, etc. I guess no one has any guts anymore - it's so much easier to resort to animal tendencies like abortion and community living. It's so easy just to follow "F.C." and his peers of spineless animals. What has happened to guts and morals and virtue? Who is the "big authority" who makes those far-out statements like "there are now too many human beings"? Oh, is that a clever and profound statement and with just so µiany statistics to back it up - clever, clever. There are billions of acres of land just sitting around waiting for man ·:o make the best of it~ like God's plan. Oh, I almost forgot - another group to be encouraged are the Anarchists - dictionaries out everyone?! Now, isn't that just a fine bunch of folks with our good at heart? I could say a lot more, but I just wouldn't want to upset you. Yes, I believe in God&guts& morals & virtue, absolutely, Lynn Miller Editor's Note : "Four Changes" was circulated by the Berkeley (Calif.) Ecology Centre. Truth in Advertising? You've probably. seen the telev!sion commercial put out by the National Institute of Mental Health which shows a haggard man "strungout" on speed. nd The ad said the man is 21-years o)d a ill that he had started taking speed m P form and later graduated to shooti!lg methedrine. The headline under the picture reads, "Happy 21st Birthday, Johnny." "Most people take him for aboUt 35," the ad goes on to say. In reality, reports the Harvard Crimson, · New Johnny is a 30-year old actor from th York City who wore· make-up for e commercial. He says he has never taken spe~ in any form, ai:id he signed a r~l:: stating he knew in what way the pie would be used. d He was paid $150 for appearing in the a ' the Crimson reports. Population and Panaceas A ••• Technological Perspective PAUL R. EHRLICH and JOHN P. HOLDREN Today more than one billion human beings are either undernourished or malnourished, and the human population is growing at a rate of two per cent per year. The existing and impending crises in human nutrition and living conditions are well-documented hut not widely understood. In particular, there is a tendency among the public, nutured on Sunday-supplement conceptions 01 technology, to believe tbat science has the situation well in hand - that farming the sea and the tropics, irrigating the deserts, and genera ling cheap nuclear power in abundance hold the key to swift and certain solution of the problem. To espouse this helief is to misjudge the present severity of the situation, the disparate time scales on which technological progress and popula tion growth operate, and the vast complexity of the problems heyond mere fond production posed by population pressures. Unfortunately, scientists and engineers have themselves often added to the confusion by failing to distinguish between that which is merely theoretically feasible, and that which is economically and logistically .practical. As we will show here, man's present technology is inadequate to the task of maintaining the world's burgeoning billions, even under the most optimistic assumptions. Furthermore, technology is likely to remain inadequate until such time as the population growth rate is drastically reduced. This is not to assert that present efforts to "revolutionize" tropical agriculture, increase yields of fisheries, desalt water for irrigation, exploit new power sources, and implement related projects are not worthwhile. They may be. They could also easily produce the ultimate disaster for mankind if they are not applied with careful attention to their effects on the ecological systems necessary for our survival (Woodwell, 1967;Cole, 1968). And even if such projects are initiated with unprecedented levels of staffing and expenditures, without population control they are doomed to fall far short. No effort to expand the carrying capacity of the Earth can keep pace with unbridled popula tion growth. . To support these contentions, we summarize briefly the present lopsided balance sheet in the population-food accounting. Wethen examine the logistics, economics and possible consequences of some technological schemes which haveheen proposed to help restore the balance, or, more ambitiously, to permit the maintenance of human populations much larger than today's. The most pertinent aspects of the balance are: 1) The world population reached 3.5 billion in mid-1968, with an annual increment of approximately 70 million people (itself increasing) and a doubling time on the order of 35 years (Population Reference Bureau, 1968). 2) Of this numher of people, at least onebalf billion are undernourished (deficient in calories or, more succinctly, slowly starving), and approximately an additional billion are malnourished (deficient in particular nutrients, mostly protein) (Borgstrom, 1965; Sukhatme, 1966), Estimates of the number actually perishing annually from starvation hegin at 4 million and go up (Ehrlich, 1968) and depend in part on official definitions of starva tion which conceal the true magnitude of number's contribution to the' death rate (Lelyveld, 19680. 3) Merely . to maintain present inadequate nutrition levels, the food requirements of Asia, Africa and Latin America will, conservatively, increase by 26 percent in the ten-year period measured from 1965to 1975 (Paddock and Paddock, 1967). World food production must double in the period 1965-2OOOto stay even; it must triple if nutrition is to be brought tup to minimum requirements. Food Production That there is insufficlentadditional, good quality agricultural land available in the World to meet these needs .is so well documented (Borgstrom 1965) that we will not helabor the point'here. Wbat hope there is must rest with increasing yields on land. presenUy cultivated, bringing m~r~mal land into production, more efficiently exploiting the sea, and bringing less conventional methods of food production to fruition. In all these areas science and technology play a dominant role. While space does not permit even a cursory look at all the proposals on these topics which have been advanced in recent years, a few representative examples lllustrate our points. Conventional Agriculture. Probably the most widely recommended means of increasing agricultural yields is through the more intensive use of fertilizers. Their production is straightforward, and a good deal is known about their effective application, although, as with many technologies we consider here, the environmental consequences of heavy fertilizer use are ill understood and potentially dangerous (Barry Commoner, address to 135th meeting of the MAS, Dallas, Tex. 28 Dec. 1968( (Wadleigh, 1968). But even ignoring such problems, we find staggering difficulties barring the implementation of fertilizer technology on the scale .required. In this regard the accomplishments of countries such as Japan and the Netherlands' are often cited as offering hope to the underdeveloped world. Some perspective on this point is afforded by noting tbat if India were to apply fertilizer at the per capita level employed by the Netherlands, her fertilizer needs would he nearly half the present world output (United Nations, 1968), On a more realistic plane, we note that although the goal for nitrogen fertilizer production in 1971 under India's fourth five-year plan is 2.4 million metric tons (Anonymous, 19683), Raymond Ewell (who has served as fertilizer production adviser to the Indian government for the past 12 years) suggests tbat less than 1.1 million metr-ic tons is a more probable figure for that date (Raymond Ewell, private communication, 1 Dec. 1968). Ewell cites poor plant maintenance, raw materials shortages, and power and transportation breakdowns as contributing to continued low production in existing Indian plants. Moreover, even when fertilizer is available, increases in productivity do not necessarily follow. In parts of the underdeveloped world lack of farm credit is limiting fertilizer distribution; elsewhere, internal transportation systems are inadequate to the task. Nor can the problem of educating farmers on the advantages and techniques of fertilizer use be ignored. A recent study (Parikh et ai, 1968) of the Intensive Agriculture District Program in the Sura t district of Gujarat, India (in which scientific fertilizer use was to have been a major ingredient) notes that lion the whole, the performance of adjoining districts which have similar climate but did not enjoy relative preference of input supply was as good as, if not hetter than, the programme district .... A particularly disheartening feature is that the farm production plans, as yet, do not carry any educative value and bave largely (ailed to convince farmers to use improved practices in their proper combinati.ons." As a second example of a panacea 10 the realm of conventional agriculture, mention must be given to the develop.ment of new high-yield or high-protem strains of fond crops. That such strains have the potential of making a major contribution to the food supply of the world is heyond doubt, but this potential is limited. 10 contrast to the potential for population growth and will he realized too slowly to have a~ything but a small impact on ~e immediate crisis. There are major difficulties impeding the widespreaduse of new high-yield grain varieties. Typically, the new grains require high f~rtihzer . puts to realize their full potential, and :::us are subject to all the difficulties mentioned above. Some other problems were idenlified in a recent address by Lester R. Brown, administrator of the International Agricultural Development Service: the limited amount of irrigated land suitable for the new varieties, the fact that a farmer's willingness to innovate fluctuates with the market prices (which may he driven down by high-yield crops), and the possibility of tieups at market facilities inadequate for handling increased yields (Lester R. Brown, accress to the Second International Conference on the War on Hunger, Washington, D.C., Feb. 1968), Perbaps even more important, the new grain varieties are being rushed into production without adequate field testing, so that we are unsure of how resistant they will he to the attacks of insects and plant diseases. William Paddock bas presented .a plant pathologist's view of the crash programs to shift to new varieties (Paddock, 19671. He describes India's dramatic program of planting improved Mexican wheat, and continues: "Such a rapid switch to a new variety is clearly understandable in a country that tottered on the brink ol famine. Yet with such limited testing, one wonders what unknown pathogens await a climatic change which will give the environmental conditions needed for their growth." Introduction of the new varieties creates enlarged monocultures of plants with essentially unknown levels of resistance to disaster. Clearly, one of the prices that is paid for higher yield is a higher risk of widespread catastrophe. And the risks are far from local: since the new varieties require more "input" of pesticides (with all their deleterious ecological side effectsa, these crops may ultimately contribute to the defeat of other environment-related panaceas, such as extracting larger amounts of food from the sea. A final problem must be mentioned in connection with these strains of food crops. In general, the hungriest people in the world are also those with the most conservative food habit Even rather minor changes: such as that from a rice variety in which the cooked grains stick together to one in which the grains fall apart, may make new foods unacceptable. It seems to he an unhappy fact ol human existence that people would rather starve than eat a nutritious substance which they do not recognize as food. (For a more detailed discussion of the psychological problems in persuading people to change their dietary habits, see McKenzie, 1968.) Beyond the economic, ecological and sociological problems already mentioned in connection with high-yield agriculture, there is the overall problem of lime. We need time to breed the desired characteristics of yield and hardiness into a vast array of new strains (a tedious process indeed), time to convince farme~ that it is necessary that they change their time-honored ways of cultivation, and time to convince hungry people to cbange the staples of their diet. The Paddocks give 2Q years as the "rule of thumb" for a new technique or plant variety to progress from conception to substantia! impact on farming (Paddock and Paddock, 1967). They write: "It is true that a massive research attack on the problems could bring some striking results in less than 20 years. But I do not find such an attack. remotely contemplated in the thinking of those officials capable ol initiating it." Promising as high-yield agriculture may he, the funds, the personnel, the ecological expertise, and the necessary years are unfortunately not at our disposal. Fulfillment of the promise will come 100 late for many of the world's starving millions, if it comes at all. Bringing More Land Under Cultivation. The most frequently mentioned means of bringing new land into agricultural production are farming the tropics and irrigating arid and semiarid regions. The former, although widely discussed in optimistic terms, has been tried for years with incredibly poor results, and even recent experiments have not been encouraging. One essential difficulty is the unsuitability of tropical soils for supporting typical foodstuffs instead of jungles (McNeil, 1964; Paddock and Paddock, 1964). Also, "the tropics" are a biologically more diverse area than the temperate zones, so that farming technology developed in one area will all too often prove useless in others. We shall see tha t irriga ling the deserts, while more promising, has serious limitations in terms of scale, cost, and lead time. The feasible approaches to irrigation of arid lands appear to he limited to largescale water projects involving darns and transport in canals, and desalination of ocean aod brackish water. Supplies 01 usable ground water are already badly depleted in most areas where they are accessible, and natural recharge is low enough in most arid regions that such supplies do not offer a long-term solution in any case. Some recent statistics will give perspective to the discussion ol water projects and desalting which follows. In 1966,the United States was using about 300 billion gallons of water per day, ol which t35 billion gallons were consumed by agriculture and 165 billion gallons by municipal and industria! users (Sporn, 1966). The bulk of the agricultural water cost the farmer from five to ten cents per 1,000 gallons; the highest price paid ror agricultural water was 15 cents per 1,000 gallons. For small industrial and municipal supplies, prices as high as 50 to 70 cents per 1,000 gallons were prevalent in the U. S. arid regions, and some communities in the Sou thwest were paying on the order of $1 per 1,000 gallons for "project" water. The extremely high cost of the latter stems largely from transportation cosls, which have been estimated at five to 15 cenls per 1,000 gallons per 100 miles <International Atomic Energy Agency, 1964). We nOVo'examine briefly the implications of such numbers in considering the irrigation ol the deserts. The most ambitious water project yet conceived in this country is the North American Water and Power Alliance, which proposes to distribute water from the great rivers of Canada to thirsty locations all over the United States. Formidable political problems aside (some based on the certainty that in the face of expanding populations, demands for water will eventually arise at the source), this project would involve the expenditure of $100 billion in construction costs over a 2().- year completion period. At the end ol this time, the yield to the United States would he 69 million acre feet 01 water annually (Kelly, 1966),or 63 billion gallons per day. If past experience with massive water projects is any guide, these figures are overoptimistic; but if we assume they are nol, it is instructive to note that this monumental undertaking would provide for an increase of only 21 per cent in the water consumption ol the United States, during a period in which the population rs expected to increase by between 25 and 43 per cent <U.S. Department or Commerce, 19660.To assess the possible contribution to the world food situation, we assume that all this water would he devoted to agriculture, although extrapolation 01 I present consumption patterns indicates that only about one-half would he. Then using the rather optimistic figure of 500 gallons per day to grow the food to leed One person.we find tbat this project could leed 126million additional people. Since this is less than eight per cent of the projected world population growth during the construction period (say 1970 to 1990), it should be clear that even the most massive water projects can make but a token contribution to the solution of the world fond problem in the long term. And in the crucial short term - the years preceding 1980- no additional people will he red by projects still on the drawing board today. In summary, the cost is staggering, the scale insufficient, and the lead time too long. Nor need we resort to such speculation about the future for proof of the failure ol technological "solutions" in the absence ol population control. The highly touted and very expensive Aswan Dam project, now nearing completion, will ultimately supply food (at the present Population and Panaceas ••• A Technological Perspective PAULR. EHRLICH and JOHN P. HOLDREN Today more than one billion human beings are either undernourished or malnourished, and the human population is growing at a rate of two per cent per year. The existing and impending crises in human nutrition and living conditions are well-documented but not widely understood. In particular, there is a tendency among the public, nutured on Sunday-supplement conceptions of technology, to believe that science has the situation well in hand - that farming the sea and the tropics, irrigating the deserts, and generating cheap nuclear power in abundance hold the key to swift and certain ~olution of the proble!ll. To espouse this belief is to misjudge the present severity of the situation, the disparate time scales on which technological progress and population growth operate, and the vast complexity of the problems beyond mere food production posed by population pressures. Unfortunately, scientists and engineers have themselves often added to the confusion by failing to distinguish between that which is merely theoretically feasible, and that which is economically and logistically practical. As we will show here, man's present technology is inadequate to the task of maintaining the world's burgeoning billions, even under the most optimistic assumptions. Furthermore, technology is likely to remain inadequate until such time as the population growth rate is drastically reduced. This is not to assert that present efforts to "revolutionize" tropical agriculture, increase yields of fisheries, desalt water for irrigation, exploit new power sources, and implement related projects are not worthwhile. They may be. They could also easily produce the ultimate disaster for mankind if they are not applied with careful attention to their effects on the ecological systems necessary for our survival (Woodwell, 1967; Cole, 1968). And even if such projects are initiated with unprecedented levels of staffing and expenditures, without population control they are doomed to fall . far short. No effort to expand the carrying capacity of the Earth can keep pace with unbridled population growth. · To support these contentions, we summarize briefly the present lopsided balance sheet in the population-food accounting. We then examine the logistics, economics and possible consequences of some techn_ological schemes which have · been proposed to help restore the balance, or, more ambitiously, to permit the maintenance of human populations much larger than today's. The most pertinent aspects of the balance are: 1) The world population reached 3.5 billion m mid-1968, with an annual increment of approximately 70 million people (itself increasing) and a doubling time on the order of 35 years (Population Reference Bureau, 1968). 2) Of this number of people, at least onehalf billion are undernourished (deficient in calories or, more succinctly, slowly starving), and approximately an additional billion are malnourished (deficient in particular nutrients, mostly protein) (Borgstrom, 1965; Sukhatme, 1966). Estimates of the number actually perishing annually from starvation begin at 4 million and go up (Ehrlich, 1968) and depend in part on official definitions of starvation which conceal the tru_e magnitude of number's contribution to the' death rate (LelyYeld, 19680. 3) Merely · to maintain present inadequate nutrition levels, the food requirements of Asia, Africa and Latin America will, conservatively, increase by 26- per ·cent in the ten-year period measured from 1965 to 1975 (Paddock and Paddock, 1967). World food production must double in the period 196S-2000 to stay even; it must triple if nutrition is to be brought tup to minimum requirements. Food Production That there is insuffietent additional, good quality agricultural land aval.Iabie in the world to meet these needs is so well d~umented (Borgstrom, 1965) that we will n?t belabor the point here. What hope there 1s must rest with increasing yields on land . presently cultivated, bringing margmal land into production more efficiently exploiting the sea, and bringing less conventional methods of food production to fruition. In all these areas science and technology play a dominant role. While space does not permit even a cursory look at all the proposals on these topics which have been advanced in recent years, a few representative examples illustrate our points. Conventional Agriculture. Probably the most widely recommended means of increasing agricultural yields is through the more intensive use of fertilizers. Their production is straightforward, and a good deal is known about their effective application, although, as with many technologies we consider here, the environmental consequences of heavy fertilizer use are ill understood and potentially dangerous (Barry Commoner, address to 135th meeting of the AAAS, Dallas, Tex. 28 Dec. 1968( (Wadleigh, 1968). But even ignoring such problems, we find staggering difficulties barring the implementation of fertilizer technology on the scale ·required. In this regard the accomplishments of countries such as Japan and the Netherlands are often cited as offering hope to the underdeveloped world. Some perspective on this point is afforded by noting that if India were to apply fertilizer at the per capita level employed by the Netherlands, her fertilizer needs would be nearly half the present world output (United Nations, 1968). On a more realistic plane, we note that although the goal for nitrogen fertilizer production in 1971 under India's fourth five-year plan is 2.4 million metric tons (Anonymous, 1968a), Raymond Ewell (who has sesved as fertilizer production adviser to the Indian government for the past 12 years) suggests that less than 1.1 million metr.ic tons is a more probable figure for that date (Raymond Ewell, private communication, 1 Dec. 1968). Ewell cites poor plant maintenance, raw materials shortages, and power and transportation breakdowns as contributing to continued low production in existing Indian plants. Moreover, even when fertilizer is available, increases in productivity do not necessarily follow. In parts of the underdeveloped world lack of farm credit is limiting fertilizer distribution; elsewhere, internal transportation systems are inadequate to the task. Nor can the problem of educating farmers on the advantages and techniques of fertilizer use be ignored. A recent study (Parikh et al, 1968) of the Intensive Agriculture District Program in the Surat district of Gujarat, India (in which scientific fertilizer use was to have been a major ingredient) notes that "on the whole the performance of adjoining distri~ts which have similar climate but did not enjoy relative preference of input ,upply was as good as, if not bet~r than, the programme district ... . . A particularly disheartening feature 1s that the farm production plans, as yet, do not earl?' any educative value and have largely failed to convince farmers to use improved practices in their proper combina ti_ons." As a second example of a panacea m the realm of conventional agriculture, mention must be given to the development of new high-yield or high-protein strains of food crops. That such strains ha~e !he potential of making a major contribution to the food supply of t~ w~rld -~ _beyo~ doubt, but this potential 1s limited . m contrast to the potential for population growth and will be realized too slowly to have a~ything but a small impact on !he immediate crisis. The~e are maJor difficulties impeding the w1despread_use of new high-yield grain v~rieti~. Typi~~Y, the new grains reqwre high f~rtilizer . ts to realize their full potential, and mpu diff' ult· thus are subject to all the ic ies mentioned above. Some other problems were identified in a recent address by Lester R. Brown, administrator of the International Agricullural Developmenl Service: the limited amount of irrigaled land suitable for the new varieties, the fact that a farmer's willingness to innovate fluctuates with the market prices (which may be driven down by high-yield crops), and the possibility of tieups at market facilities inadequate for handling increased yields (Lester R. Brown, accress to the Second International Conference on the War on Hunger, Washington, D.C. , Feb. 1968). Perhaps even more important, the new grain varieties are being rushed into production without adequate field testing, so that we are unsure of how resistant they will be to the attacks of insects and plant diseases. William Paddock has presented .a plant pathologist's view of the crash programs to shift to new varieties (Paddock, 1967). He describes India's dramatic program of planting improved Mexican wheat, and continues: "Such a rapid switch to a new variety is clearly understandable in a cou.ntry that tottered on the brink of famine. Yet with such limited testing, one wonders what unknown pathogens await a climatic change which will give the environmental conditions needed for their growth." Introduction of the new varieties creates enlarged monocultures of plants with essentially unknown levels of resistance to disaster. Clearly, one of the prices that is paid for higher yield is a higher risk of widespread catastrophe. And the risks are far from local: since the new varieties require more " input" of pesticides (with all their deleterious ecological side effectso, these crops may ultimately contribute to the defeat of olher environment-related panaceas, such as extracting larger amounts of food from the sea. A final problem must be mentioned in connection with these strains offood crops. In general, the hungriest people in the world are also those with the mosl conservative food habil Even rather minor changes, such as that from a rice variety in which the cooked grains stick together to one in which the grains fall apart, may make new foods unacceptable. It seems to be an unhappy fact of human existence that people would rather starve than eat a nutritious substance which they do not recognize as food. (For a more detailed discussion of the psychological problems in persuading people to change their dietary habits, see McKenzie, 1968.) Beyond the economic, ecological and sociological problems already mentioned in connection with high-yield agriculture, there is the overall problem of time. We need time to breed the desired characteristics of yield and hardiness into a vast array of new strains (a tedious process indeed), time to convince farmers that it is necessary that they change their time-honored ways of cultivation, and time to convince hungry people to change the staples of their diet. The Paddocks give 20 years as the "rule of thumb" for a new technique or plant variety to progress from conception to substantial impact on farming (Paddock and Paddock, 1967 ). They write: "It is true that a massive research attack on the problems could bring some striking results in less than 20 years. But I do not find such an attack remotely contemplated in the thinking of those officials capable of initiating it. " Promising as high-yield agriculture may be, the funds, the personnel, the ecological expertise, and the necessary years are unfortunately not at our disposal. Fulfillment of the promise will come too late for many of the world's starving millions, if it comes at all. Bringing More Land Under Cultivation. The most frequently mentioned means of bringing new land into agricultural production are farming the tropics and irrigating arid and semiarid regions. The former, although widely discussed in optimistic terms, has been tried for years with incredibly poor results, and even recent experiments have not been encouraging. One essential difficulty is the unsuitability of tropical soils for supporting typical foodstuffs instead of jungles (McNeil, 1964 ; Paddock and Paddock, 1964). Al o, " the tropi " ar a biologically more diverse area than the temperate zones, o that farming technology developed in one area will all too often prove usel in oth rs. We hall see that irrigating the de erts, while mor promising, has seriou limitation in terms of scale, cost, and lead lime. The feasible approaches to irrigation of arid land appear to be hmiled to larg scale water projects involving dams and transport in canal . and desalination of ocean and bracki h water. Supplie of usable ground water are already badly depleted in most area where th y ar accessible, and natural recharge i low enough in most arid regions that uch supplies do not offer a long-tenn olution in any case. Some recent tali tics will give perspective to the discussion ol water projects and desalting which folio . In 1966, the Uni led States was using about 300 billion gallons of water per day, of which 135 billion gallons were consumed by :igriculture and 165 biJJion gallons by municipal and industrial u ers <Sporn, 1966). The bulk of the agricultural wat r cost the farmer from five to ten cen per 1,000 gallons; the highe t price paid for agricultural water was 15 cents per 1,000 gallons. For small industrial and municipal supplies, prices as high a SO lo 70 cents per 1,000 gallon were preval nl in the U. S. arid regions, and ome communities in the Southwest wer paying on the order of $1 per 1,000 gallon for " project" water. The extremely high co t of the latter stem largely from transportation costs, which have b n estimated at five to 15 cents per 1,000 gallons per 100 miles < International Atomic Energy Agency, 1964). We now examine briefly the implication of such numbers in con idering th irrigation of the d erts. The mo t ambitious water project yet conceived in this country is the North American Wat r and Power Alliance, which propos to distribute water from th great riv of Canada to thirsty location all ov r th United States. Formidable political problems aside C om b d on th certainty that in th face of xpandin populations, demands for wat r will eventually ari at the ource), th1 project would involve the xpenditur of $100 billion in construction co ts over a 20- year completion period. At th end or thi time, the yield to th United tat would be 69 million acre r t of water annually <Kelly, 1966), or 63 billion gallon per day. If past experience with m ive wat r projects i any guide, th figur ar overoplimi tic; but if we a . um th y ar not, it i instructive to note that thi monumental undertaking would provide for an increase of only 21 per c nt in th water consumption of th Unit d tat • during a period in which the populati n 1 · expected to increa by betw n 25 and 43 per cent <U.S. D partm nl of omm re , 19660. To ass the pos ibl contribution to the world food situation, we as um that all this water would be d voted to agriculture, although extrapolati n of ' present consumption patterns indicat that only about one-half would be. Th n using the rather optimistic figure of 500 gallons per day to grow the food to feed one person, we find that this project could feed 126 million additional people. Since this i less than eight per cent of the projected world population growth during the construction period Csay 1970 to 1990 ), it should be clear that even the most massive water projects can make but a token contribution to the solution of the world food problem in the long term. And in the crucial short term - the years preceding 1980 - no additional people will be fed by projects still on the drawing board today. In summary, the cost i~ staggering, the scale insufficient, and the lead time too long. Nor need we resort to such speculation about the future for proof of the failure of technological "solutions" in the absence of population control. The highly touted and very expensive Aswan Dam project, now nearing completion, will ultimately supply food Cat the present Pollution, cont. miserable diet leveh Ice less than Egypt's population growth during the tim. 01 eon truction (Borgstrom, t965; Cole, I ). Furthermore. its errect on the lert,ht} 01 the Nile Delta will be dlsa trous. and. as \l;Hh aU water projects 01 ttus nature, silting of the reservoir will de>trO) the gains in the long term (perhal'> in \00 years), De alting for irngation suUers ome ...·hal tmilar limitations. The de \lIng plants operational In the world loday prod""e water at individual rates 01 7.5 mIllion gallon> per day and less. at a .... t 01 7S cents per \, gallon and up. the t mcreesmg 85 the plant size decreases I Bend r, 1969). Tbe most opumisnc lirm pro I wluch anyone seems to have mad lor de$altong with present or soon-toava,lable technology, a ISO million gallon p r day nuelear-pow.red 'Illt lIallon Iud led by the Beehlel Corp. lor th L Ang.1 Metropohtan Water O .. trtet Becht I's .arly figures indieated that wat r Irom thl eomplex would be ava,labl al th sit. lor rT to 28 eenls PO" I, g lion IBal laM and Cum.r, 1967). How "tr. k phci m regarding the nom, a umph0n5 l.ad,ng to these figure IMllhman, 196$) has Since proven Juslll,ed - th projecl was helved alter . plr.llmg con truclion cost estimates .nd,ealed an aetual water <:osl 01 40 10 SO nlS per I, gallons. Use or .... n the onginal (Igur ,ho~e\'er. bears out our contentlon that the mo t optimistic umpllons do not alter the verdict that U'ehnology i lOSing the lood-population baUle For 28 e.nlS per 1,000 gallons is still pproximately twice the cost which rarmers have hitherto been willing or able to pay for 'rr1gallon waler. If the Bechtel plant had oc't'n Inl.nded to supply agricultural n('('d,. which 1l was not. one would have had 10 add 10 an already unacCt'pltlhlt· Price the very substantial C051 of lr.m: p(}rtlfl~ the water inJand. Ignlflca,Hly, studies have shown that the ~onomH:, of scale in the distillation pr-oeess arc ,,,,,en lIa lIy exhausted by a ISO mllhon gallol1 per day plant (International Atomic En 'rJ.~y Agency, 1964), Hence, merely inuTasing desalting capacity lurther WIll nol substant,ally lower the cost of Ihr water On purely economic grounds, tIlen, it IS unJikely that desalting WIll playa major rol. in food producllon by conv('nlann.ll agriculture in the short term. (An Id.'nlu·;11 conclusion was reached in a recent ~Iuth , Clawson et ai, 1969. in which the fOrl,~t.:m;lgpoints and numerous other 8 .peets III tll'Salting were treated in far more d 1.111 than was possible here,) T.ehnolo~lcal "br.ak-throughs" will presumahly improve this outlook with the pa age nl hme. but world population growth Will not wait. DesalhnR becomes more promising if Lhe high co. 1 of the water can be offset by Increased agricultural yields per gallon and, perhaps, use of a single nuclear lostallation to provide power for both the desalting and profitable on-site Industrial proces es. This prospect has been investIgated In a thorough and welldocum.nted study headed by E S Mason (Oak R,dg. Nallonal Laboratory, 1968>- The re ult IS a set of preliminary figures nnd recommendation regarding nuclearpowered "agro-industrial complexes" for Brld and semiarid regions, in which desalled water and fertilizer would be pr-odueed lor use on an adjaeen~ highly erriclent (arm In underdeveloped eOllntrles ",eapable of using the full exeess power output of the reactor, this energy would be consumed In on-site production of ,ndustrlal materoals ror sale on the world market. Both near-term (ten years hence) and (ar-term (20 years hence) technologies are considered, as are varlOUS mixes of (arm and industrial products The representative near-term ease lor whieh a delailed .... t breakdown 15 liven inVolves a seaside facility with a desalting eaparlty of \ billion gallons per day, a farm alZe ol 320,000 aeres, and an wndustrial electric power consumption of 1515 Mw 11\e inItial investment for this complex IS estimated at Sl.8 billion, and annual operating roslS at $236 million. II both the food and the mdustrial ma!erials pr-odueed w.re old (as opposed to giving. tile lood. at leas~ to those in need who eould not pay), (Confusing statements oIt n are made about the possibility that food supply will outrun food demand in the lutur . In these statem.nts, "demand" is uwd 1n the economic sense, and in this eonteXI many millions 01 starving people may lenerate no demand whatsoeVer. Inde«I. one eonrem of those engaged in increasing food production is to find ways of increasing demand.I the estimated pr-ofil lor such a cemples, before subtracting financing costs, would be 14.6 per cent, The authors of the study are commendably cautious in outlining the assumptions and uncertainties upon ~hi0 these figures rest. The key assumption 15 that 200 gallons per day 01 water will grow the 2 500 calories required to leed one pe~. Water-calorie ratios of this order or less have been achieved by the top 20 per cent of farmers specializing in such crops as wheat, potatoes and tomatoes; but more water is required for needed protein- rich crops such as peanuts and soybeans. The authors identify the uncertainly that crops usually raised separately can be grown together in tight rotation on the same piece of land. Problems of water storage between periods of peak irrigation demand, optimal patterns of crop rotation and seasonal acreage variations are also mentioned. These "iIs" and assumptions, and those associated with the other U'ehnologies involved, are unfortunately oIten omitted when the results of sueh painstaking studies are summarized for more popular consumption (Anonymous, 196~b, 1968e). The result is the perpetuation of the publie's tendeney to confuse feasible and available, to set> panaceas where scientists in the field eoneerned see onJy potential, realizable with massive infusions of time and money. It is instructive, nevertheless, to examine the impaet or the world food pr-oblem wbieh the Oak Ridge eomplexes might have if construction were to begin today, and if all the assumptions about. technology ten years hence were valid now. At the industrial-agricultural mix pertinent to the sample case described above, the food produced would be adequate for just under three million people. This means that 23 sueh plants per year, at a cost of $41 billion, would have to be put in operation merely to keep pace with world population growth, to say nothing of improving the substandard diets of between one and two billion members or the present population. (Fertilizer production beyond that required for the on-site farm is, or course, a contribution in the latter regard, but the substantial additional costs oC transporting it to where it is needed must then be accounted for.) Since approximately five years from the start of construction woUld be required to put such a complex into operation, we should commence work on at least 125 units posthaste, and begin at least 25 per year thereafter. If the technology were available now, the investment in construction over the next five years, prior to operation or the first plants, would be $315 billion - about 20 times the total U.S. foreign aid expenditure during the past rive years. By the time the technology is available the bill will be mueh higber, if famine has not "solved" the problem for us. This example again illustrates that scale, time, and cost are all working against technology in the short term. And if population growth is not decelerated, the increasing severity of popUlation-related crises will surely neutralize the technological improvements of the middle and long terms. Other Food Panaceas. "Food from the sea" is the most prevalent "answer" to the world food shortage in the view of the general public. This is not surprising, since estimates of the theoretical fisheries productivity of the sea run up to some 50 to lOll times eurrent yields (Schmit~ 1965; Christy and &ott, 1965). Many practical and economic difficulties, however, make it clear that sueh a figure will never be reached, and that it will not even be approached in the foreseeable future. In 1966, the annual fisheries harvest was some 57 million metric tons (United Nations, 1968), A careful analysis (Meseek. 1961) indicates that this might be iocreased to a world produrtion 01 70 million metrie tons by 1960. If this gain were realized, it would represent (assuming no violent ehange in population growtll patterns) a small per eapita loss in fisheries yield. . Both the short- and long-term outlooks for laking lood Irom the sea are clouded by the pr-oblems of overexploilation, pollution (whieh is generally. ignored by those ealeulahng potenhal yields) and eeonomi"". Solving these proble';" will require more than technological legerdemain; it will also require unpre.cedented changes in human behav.or, espeeially in the area 01 ti The international. cooper a Ion. . . likelihood that such eooperation WIll :me about is reflected in the recent news (Anonymous, 1968d) that !'orway has dropped out 01 the whaling Industry beeause overiisbing bas depleted tbe stock below tbe level at which it may economically be harvested. In tbat industry international controls were tried _ and f~iled. The sea is, unfortunately, a "commons" (Hardin, 1968), and the resultant management probl~ms exacerbate the biological and t:eehmcal problems of greatly increasmg our retake." One suspects that.the return per dollar poured into tbe sea WIll be much less than the eorresponding return from the land for many years, and the return f~om the land has already been found wanting. Synthetic foods protein culture WIth petroleum, saJi~e agriculture, and weather modification all may hold promise for the future, but all are at present expensive and available only on an extremely limited seale. The research to improve this situation also WIll. be expensive, and, of course, .t1m~- consuming. In the absence of funding~ It will not occur at all, a fact which occasionally eludes the public and the Congress. . Domestic and Industrial Water Supplies The world has water problems, even exclusive of the situation in agricultur~. Although total precipitation should In theory be adequate in quantit~ for several further doublings of population, serIOUS shortages arising from problems of quality, irregularity and distribution aiready plague much of the world. Underdeveloped countries will find the water needs of industrialization staggering: 240,000 gallons of water are required to produce a ton of newsprint; 650,000 gallons, to produce a ton of steel (International Atomic Energy Agency, 1964), Since maximum acceptable water costs for domestic and industrial use are higher than for agriculture, those who can afford it are or soon will be using desalination (40 to 100 + cents per 1,000 gallons) and used-water renovation (54 to 57 cents per 1,000 gallong - Ennis, 1967). Those who cannot afford it are faced with allocating existing supplies between industry and agriculture, and as we have seen, they must choose the latter. In this circumstance, the standard of living remains pitifully low. Technology's onJy present answer is massive externallyfinanced complexes of the sort considered above, and we have already suggested Utere the improbability that we are prepared to pay the bill rung up by present population growth. The widespread use of desalted water by Utose who can afford it brings up another problem only rarely mentioned to date, the disposal of the salts. Tbe product of tile distillation processes in present use is a hot brine with salt concentration several times that of seawater. Both the temperature and the salinity of this effluent will provefalal to local marine life if it is simply exhausted to the ocean. The most optimistic statement we have seen on this problem is that "smaller plants (our emphasis) at seaside locations may return the concentrated brine to the ocean if proper attention is paid to..Jhe design of the outfall, and to tile eHect on the local marine ecology." (McIlhenny, 1066) The same writer identifies the major economic uncertainties connected with extracting the salts for sale (to do so is straightforward, but often not profitable). Nor can one simply evaporate the brine and leave the residue in a pile - the 150 million gallons per day plant mentioned ab.o~e would produce brine bearing 90 millIon pounds of salts daily (based on figures by Parker, 19660. Tbis amount of salt would cover over 15 acres to a depth of o?e. foot. Thus, every year a plant of the bilhon gallong per day, agrcrindustrial. complex sIze would produee a pile of salt over 52 feet deep and covering a square mIle. The hIgh WInds typieal 01 eostal deserts would seriously aggravate the assoelated sod eontamination problem. Energy Man's problems wilb energy supply are more .subtle than those with food and water· we are not yet running out of energy, but we are being forced to use it laster. than is probably bealthy. The rapae,Olls depletion ol·our fossil fuels is aiready lorcing. us to eonsider more expensive mmmg techniques to gain a~cess to lower-grade deposits, such as theod shales, and even the status of oor high-. grade uranium ore reserves is not clearrut (Anonymous, 1683). A widely beld misconeeption in this connection- is that nuclear power is "dirt cheap," and as such represents a P&nacea lor developed and underdeveloped nations alike. To the contrary, the largest nUrlear. generating s~tions now in operation are just competitive WIth or marginally superior to m?dern coal-fired planls of comparable sue ..(where coal is not scarce); at best, both produce power for on the order of 4 to 5 bills (tenths of a cenn per kilowatt-hour. S.maller nuclear units remain less economical than their fOSSil_ fueled counterparts. UnderdeveloPed countries can rarely use the power of the larger plants. Simply speaking, lbere are not enough industries, appliances, and light bulbs toabsor? the output, and the cost of industrialization and modernization exceeds the cost of the power required to sustain it by orders of magnitude regardless of the sour ce of tile power. (F": example, one study noted that the eapital requirement to consume the output of a 70,000 kilowatt plant - about $1.2 million worth of electrieity per year at 40 per c.nt utilization and five mIlls per kwh - is $111 million per year if the power is consumed by metals industries, $270 million per year for petroleum produet industires- E. A. Mason, 1957.) Hence, at least at pre~en~ only those underdeveloped countries which . are short of fossil fuels or inexpensive means to transport them are in particular need of nuclear power. Prospects for plajor reductions in the cost of nuclear power in the future hinge on the long-awaited breeder reactor and the still lurther distant thermonUclear reactor. In nei ther case is the time scale or the ultimate cost of energy a matter of certainty. The breeder reactor, which converts more nonfissile uranium (238-U) or thorium to fissionable material than it consumes as fuel for itself, effectiVely extends our nuclear fuel supply by a factor of approximately 400 (Cloud, 1968). It is not expected to become competitive economically with conventional reactors until the 1980s (Bump, 1967). Reductions in the unit energy cost beyond this dale are not guaranteed, due both to Ihe probable eontinued high capital cost of breeder reactors and to increasing costs for the ore which the breeders will convert to fuel. In the latter regard, we mention that although crushing granite for its few parts per million of uranium and thorium is possible in theory, the problems and cost of doing so are far from resolved. (A general discussion of extracting metalS from common rock is given by Cloud, 1968'> It is too soon to predicl the cosis associated with a fusion reactor (few who work in the field will predict whether such a device will work a t all wi thin the next 15 10 20 years). One guess put~ the unit energy cost at something over half tIlat for a coal or fission power station of comparable size (Mills, 1967), but th[s is pure speculation. Quite possibly lhe major benem of controlled fusion will again be to extend the energy supply rather than to cheapen it. A second misconception about nuclear power is that it can reduce our dependence on fissil fuels to zero as soon as that becomes necessary or desirable. In fact, nuclear power plants contribute only to the eleccrieal portion of the energy budget; and in 1968 in the United States, for example, electrical energy comprised only 19 per cent of the total energy consumed (Sporn, 1963). The degree to which nuclear fuels can postpone the exhaustion of ~ eoal and oil depends on the exte~t to which the 19 per cent is enlarged. The task ISfar . from a trivial one, and will involve transitions to electrie or fuel-cell powered transportation electric heating, and electrically pow~red industries. It will be extremely expensive. Nuclear energy, then, is a panacea neither for us nor for the underdeveloped world. Itrelieves but does not remove, the pressure on fossii fuel supplies; it provid~ reasonably-prieed power where these ru t are nol abundant; it has substantial (bUt expensive) potential in inteillgen applic~iions sudi'lis that suggested ~ Oak RIdge study discussed above; awiJl! shares the propensity 01 fast-gro ~ lechnology to unpleasant side ell~1 (Novicl<, 1969). We mention in the f!! connection that wbile nurlear flO" ~ stations -do not produce .conv~~tional :te pollutants, tbeir. radlOaeJlve w~ _problems may in the long run prove a;:;;; trade. A1thougb lbe AEC seems to ,;I made a gond case for solidifieati0::r afbe stm:age in salt mines of the bulk t a~ radioactive fission produets (BlankO e are 1967), a number of radioaehve ,soloP""sod' ~eleased to the air, and in some areas ill lSotopes bave aiready turned ~ potentially harmful eoneentt;~tions ( Pollution, cont. increasing food production is to fin~ ways m increasing demand> the estimated profit for such a comples, before subtracting financing costs, would be 14.6 per cenl The authors of the study are commendably cautious in outlirung !he assumption and uncertainties upon ~hi':11 these figures rest. The key assumption IS that 200 gallons per day of water will grow the 2,500 calories required to feed one person. Water-<:alorie ratios of this order or less have been achieved by the top 20 per cent of farmers specializing in such crops as wheat, potatoes and tomatoes; but more water i required for needed protein-rich crops such as peanuts and oybeans. The authors identify _the uncertaint~ that crops usually ra1Sed eparately can be grown together in tight rotation on the same piece of land. Problem of water storage between periods of peak irrigation demand, optimal patterns of crop rotation and ea onal acreage variations are also mentioned The e "if " and assumptions, and those a ociated with the other t hnologie involved, are unfortunately often omitted when the results of such pairu;taking studies are ummarized for more popular consumption (Anonymous, 19613b, 1968c ). The re ult is the perpetuation of the public's tendency to confuse feasible and available, to see panacea where scientists in the field concerned ee only potential, realizable with massive infusions of time and money. It i instructive, nevertheless, to e anune the impact of the world food problem which the Oak Ridge complexes might have if construction were to begin today, and if all the a umptions about. technology ten years hence were valid no\\ . At the industrial-agricultural mix pertinent to the sample case described above, the food produced would PE adequate for ju t under three million people. Thi means that 23 such plants per year, at a co t of $41 billion, would have to be put in operation merely to keep pace with world population growth, to say nothing of improving the substandard diets or between one and two billion members of the present population. <Fertilizer production beyond that required for the on-site farm is, of course, a contribution in the latter regard, but the ub tantial additional costs of transporting it to where it is needed must then be accounted for.) Since approximately five years from the start of construction would be required to put such a complex into operation, we should commence work on at least 125 units posthaste, and begin at least 25 per year thereafter. If the technology were available now, the investment in con truction over the next five years, prior to operation of the first plants, would ·,e $315 billion - about 20 times the total foreign aid expenditure during the pa t five years. By the time the technology i available the bill \\ill be much higher, if famine has not "solved" the problem for us. This example again illustrates that cale, time, and cost are all working against technology in the short term. And if population growth is not decelerated, the increasing severity of population-related crises will surely neutralize the technological improvements of the middle and long terms. Other Food Panacea . "Food from the sea" is the most prevalent "answer" to the world food shortage in the view of the general public. This is not surprising, since estimates of the theoretical fisheries productivity of the sea run up to some 50 to 100 times current yields (Schmitt, 1965; Christy and Scott, 1965). Many practical and economic difficulties, however, make it clear that such a figure will never be reached, and that it will not even be approached in the foreseeable future. In 1966, the annual fisheries harvest was some 57 million metric tons (United Na lions, 1968 >. A careful analysis < 1eseck, 1961) indicates that this might be increased to a world production of 70 million metric tons by 1980. If this gain were realized, it would represent (assuming no violent change in population growth patterns) a small per capita loss in fisheries yield. . Both the short- and long-term outlooks for taking food from the sea are clouded by the problems of overexploitation, pollution (which is generally ignored by those calculating potential yields) and eco~mics. Solving these proble~ will require f!lore. tha_n technological legerdemain; 1t will also require unpre_cedented changes in human behavior, especially in the area of f The international coopera ion. . · unfk lihood that such cooperation will 1 e bout IS. reflected in the recent news cornea has (Anonymous, 1968d) that ~oN'.ay dro ped out of the whaling industry beJuse overfishing has depl~ted t_he stock below the level at which it may economically be harvested. In t~at industry international controls were tried _ and f~iled. The sea is, unfortunatelytlt "commons" (Hardin, 1968), and e resultant management probl~ms exacerbate the biological and t;echnical problems of greatly increasing our "take." One suspects that_the return per dollar poured into the sea will be much Jess than the corresponding return from the land for many years, and the return f~om the land has already been found wanti~g. Synthetic foods, protein culture with petroleum, saline agriculture, and weather modification all may hold promise for the future, _but all are at present expensive and available only on an extremely limited scale. The rese~rch to improve this situation also will_ be expensive, and, of course, _t1m~- consuming. In the absence of funding'. it will not occur at all, a fact which occasionally eludes the public and the Congress. Domestic and Industrial Water Supplies The world has water problems, even exclusive of the situation in agricultur~. Although total precipitation should m theory be adequate in quantit}'. for sev~ral further doublings of population, serious shortages arising from problems of quality, irregularity and distribution already plague much of the world. Underdeveloped countries will find the water needs of industrialization staggering: 240,000 gallons of water _are required to produce a ton of newsprmt; 650,000 gallons, to produce a ton of steel (International Atomic Energy Agency, 1964). Since maximum acceptable water costs for domestic and industrial use are higher than for agriculture, those who can afford it are or soon will be using desalination (40 to 100 + cents per 1,000 gallons) and used-water renovation (54 to 57 cents per 1,000 gallong - Ennis, 1967). Those who cannot afford it are faced with allocating existing supplies between industry and agriculture, and as we have seen, they must choose the latter. In this circumstance, the standard of living remains pitifully low. Technology's only present answer is massive externallyfinanced complexes of the sort considered above, and we have already suggested there the improbability that we are prepared to pay the bill rung up by present population growth. The widespread use of desalted water by those who can afford it brings up another problem only rarely mentioned to date, the disposal of the salts. The product of the distillation processes in present use is a hot brine with salt concentration several times that of seawater. Both the temperature and the salinity of this effluent will prove fatal to local marine life if it is simply exhausted to the ocean. The most optimistic statement we have seen on this problem is that "smaller plants (our emphasis) at seaside locations may return the concentrated brine to the ocean if proper attention is paid to the design of the outfall, and to the effect on the local marine ecology." (Mcllhenny, 1066) The same writer identifies the major economic uncertainties connected with extracting the salts for sale (to do so is straightforward, but often not profitable). Nor can one simply evaporate the brine and leave the residue in a pile - the 150 million gallons per day plant mentioned ab_o~e would produce brine bearing 90 million pounds of salts daily (based on figures by Parker, 19660. This amount of salt would cover over 15 acres to a depth of o?e. fool Thus, every year a plant of the bilhon ga~ong per day, agro-industrial complex S!Ze would produce a pile of salt ov_er 52 feet _deep and covering a square mile. The high winds typical of costal deser!-5 woul~ seriously aggravate the associated soil contamination problem. Energy Man's problems with energy supply are more subtle than those with food and water: we are not yet running out of energy, but we are being forced to use it faster_ than is probably healthy. The rapacious depletion of ·our fossil fuels is alread~ forci_n~ us to consider more expensive mmmg techniques to gain a~cess to lower-grade deposits, such as the oil shales, and even the status of our highgrade uranium ore reserves is not clearcut (Anonymous, 1683). A widely held misconception in this connection· is that nuclear power is "dirt cheap," and as such represents a panacea for developed and underdeveloped nations alike. To the contrary, the largest nuclear. generating stations now in operation are just competitive with or marginally superior te> m?dern coal-fired plants of comparable s~z~ -· (_where coal is not scarce); at best, both produce power for on the order of 4 to 5 bills ( tenths of a cent) per kilowatt-hour. s_maller nuclear units remain Jess economical than their fossi}. fueled counterparts. Underdeveloped countries can rarely use the power of the larger plants. Simply speaking, there are not enough industries, appliances, and light bulbs to absorb the output, and the cost of industrialization and modernization exceeds the cost of the power required to sustain it by orders of magnib.Jde regardless of the source of the power. (Fo; example, one study noted that the capital requirement to consume the output of a 70,000 kilowatt plant - about $1.2 million worth of electricity per year at 40 per cent utilization and five mills per kwh- is $Ul million per year if the power is consumed by metals industries, $270 million per year for petroleum product industires- E. A. Mason, 1957.) Hence, at least at presen~ only those underdeveloped countries which are short of fossil fuels or inexpensive means to transport them are in particular need of nuclear power. Prospects for major reductions in the cost of nuclear power in the future hinge on the long-awaited breeder reactor and the still further distant thermonuclear reactor. In neither case is the time scale or the ultimate cost of energy a matter of certainty. The breeder reactor, which converts more nonfissile uranium (238-U) or thorium to fissionable material than it consumes as fuel for itself, effectively extends our nuclear fuel supply by a factor of approximately 400 (Cloud, 1968). It is not expected to become competitive economically with conventional reactors until the 1980s (Bump, 1967). Reductions in the unit energy cost beyond this date are not guaranteed, due both to the probable continued high capital cost of breeder reactors and to increasing costs for the ore which the breeders will convert to fuel. In the latter regard, we mention that although crushing granite for its few parts per million of uranium and thorium is possible in theory, the problems and cost of doing so are far from resolved. (A general discussion of extracting metals from common rock is given by Cloud, 1968.) It is too soon to predict the costs associated with a fusion reactor (few who work in the field will predict whether such a device will work at all within the next 15 to 20 years). One guess puts the unit energy cost at something over half that for a coal or fission power station of comparable size (Mills, 1967), but th\s is pure speculation. Quite possibly the major benefit of controlled fusion will again be to extend the energy supply rathe·r than to cheapen it. A second misconception about nuclear power is that it can reduce our dependence on fissil fuels to zero as soon as that becomes necessary or desirable. In fact, nuclear power plants contribute only to the electrical portion of the energy budget; and in 1968 in the United States, for example, electrical energy comprised only 19 per cent of the total energy consumed (Sporn, 1963). The degree to which nuclear fuels can postpone the exhaustion of ~ coal and oil depends on the extent to which the 19 per cent is enlarged. The task is far · from a trivial one and will involve transitions to electric' or fuel-cell powered transportation, electric heating, and electrically powered industries. It will be extremely expensive. Nuclear energy, then, is a panacea neither for us nor for the underdeveloped world. It relieves but does not remove, !be pressure on fossil fuel supplies; it provid~ reasonably-priced power where these fue 1 are not abundant; it has substantial_ <b\ exp~ns!ve) pa_t~nJ!al . in !ntel_l_1gen apphc~tions ~uc_It as that suggested 1':J\i Oak Ridge study discussed above; a wuig shares the propensity of fast-gro ts technology to unpleasant side eff~st (Novick, 1969). We mention in the er connection that, while nuclear paw ir stations do not produce _conv~ntional :te pollutants, their radioactive w~ problems may in the long run prove a ;;;e trade. Although the AEC seems _to nd made a good case for solidificatio~ athe storage in salt mines of the bulk t al radioactive fission produc~ (~lank0 e 8 ~ 1967), a number of radioactive isowpe:5 ucb released to the air and in some areas 5 in isotopes have ;iready turned up tiS potentially harmful concentrations ccur Pollution. cont. and Hogan, 1969), Projected order of magnitude increases in nuclear power generation will seriously aggravate this situation. Although it has frequently been stated that the eventual advent of fusion reactors will free us from such difficulties, at least one authority, F. L. Parker, takes a more cautious view. He contends that losses of radioactive tritium from fusion power plants may prove even more hazardous than the analogous problems of fission reactors (Parker, 1968). A more' easily evaluated problem is the tremendous quantity; of waste heat generated at nuclear installations (to say nothing of the usable power output, which, as with power from whatever source, must also ultimately be dissipated as heat). Both have potentially disastrous effects on the local and world ecological and climatological balance. There is no simple solution to this problem, for, in general, "cooling" only moves heat; it does not remove it from the environment viewed as a whole. Moreover, the Second Law of Thermodynamics puts a ceiling on the efficiency with which we can do even this much, i.e., concentrate and transport heat. In effect, the Second Law condemns us to aggravate the total problem by generating still more heat in any machinery we devise for local cooling (consider, for example, refrigerators and air conditioners). The only heat which actually leaves the whole system, the Earth, is that which can be radiated back into space This amount steadily is being diminished as combustion of hydrocarbon fuels increases the atmospheric percentage of CO·2which has strong absorption bands in the infrared spectrum of the outbound heat energy. (Hubbert, 1968, puts the increase in the CO-2 content of the atmosphere at ten percent since 1900.) There is, of course, a competing effect in tbe Earth's energy. balance which is the increased reflectivity of the upper atmosphere to incoming sunlight due to other forms of air pollution. It has been estimated, ignoring both these effects, that man risks drastic (and perhaps catastrophic) climatological change if the amount of heat he dissipates in the environment on a global scale reaches one per cent of the incident solar energy at the Earth's surface (Rose and Clark, 1961). At the present live per cent rate of increase in world energy consumption, (The rate of growth of world energy consumption fluctuates strongly about some mean on a time scale of only a few years, and the figures are not known with great accuracy in any case. A discussion of predicting the mean and a defense of the figure of five per cent are given in Gueron et al, 1957.) this level w~ll be reached in less than a century, and in the immediate future the direct contribution of man's power consumption will create serious local problems. If we may safely rule out circumvention of the Second Law or the divorce of energy requirements from population size, this suggests that, whatever. science ~nd technology may accomphsh, population growth must be stopped. Transportation We would be remiss in our offer of a technological perspective on population problems without some mention of ~e difficulties associated with transporting large quantities of food, material or people across the face of the Earth. While our grain exports have not begun to satisfy the hunger of the underdeveloped world, they already have taxed our ability to transport food in bulk over large distances. The total amount of goods of all kinds loaded at U.S. ports for external trade was 158 million metric tons in 1965 (United Nations, 1968). Thus u Ihe United State. had such an amo';"t of grain to ship, it could be handled only by displacing the entirety of our export trade. In a similar vein, the gross weight of the fertilizer, in excess of present consumption, required 'in the underdeveloped world to feed the additional population there in 1980 will amount to approximately the same figure - 150 million metric tons (Sukbatme, 19660.Assuming lhata substantiaIfraetion of this fertilizer, should it be available at all, will have to be shipped about, we had best start building freighters! Tbese problems and tbe even more discouraging one of internal transportation in the hungry countires, coupled. with the complexities of international fUllloce and marketing which have hobbled even present aid programs, complete a dis~! pieture of the prospects for "external solutions to ballooning food requirements in much of the world. Th9Se who envision migration as a solution to problems of food, land and. water distribution not only ignore the fact that the world has no promising place to put more people, tbey simply have not looked a t the numbers of the transportation game. Neglecting the fact that migration and relocation costs would probably amount to a minimum of several thousand dollars per person. we find, for example, that the entire long. range jet transport fleet of the United Stales (about 600 planes - Molloy. 1968 - with an average capacity of 150), averaging two round trips per week, could transport only about 9 million people per year from India' to the United States. This amounts to about 75 per cent of that country's annual population growth (Population Reference Bureau, 1968(, Ocean liners and transports, while larger, are less numerous and much slower, and over long distances could not do as well. Does anyone believe, then, that we are going to compensate for the world's population growth by sending the excess to the planets? If there were a place to go on Earth, financially and logistically we could not send our surplus there. Conclusion We have not attempted to be comprehensive in our treatment of population pressures and the prospects of coping with them technologically; rather, we hope simply to have given enough illustrations to make plausible our contention that technology, without population control, cannot meet the challenge. It may be argued that we have shown only that anyone technological scheme taken individually is insufficient to the task at hand, whereas all such schemes applied in parallel might well be enough. We would reply that neither the commitment nor the resources to implement tbem all exists, and iodeed that many may prove mutually exclusive (e.g., harvesting algae may diminish fish production) . Certainly, an optimum combination of efforts exists in theory, but we assert that no organized attempt to find it is being made, and that our examination of its probable eventual constituents permits little hope that even the optimum will suflice. Indeed, after a far more thorough survey of the prospects than we have attempted here, the President's Science Advisory Committee Panel on tbe world food supply comcluded (PSAC, 1967); "The solution of the problem that will exist after about 1985 demands that programs of population control be initiated now." We most emphatically agree, noting that "now" was two years ago! Of the problems arising out of population growth in the short, middle and long terms we have emphasized the first group: For mankind must pass the first hurdles - food and water for the next 20 years - to be guaranteed the privilege of confronting such dilemmas as the exhaustion of mineral resources and physical space later. (S~nce the first draft of this article was written, the authors have seen the manuscript of a timely and pertinent forthcoming book, ~esources and Man written under the auspices of the National' Academy of Sciences and edited by Preston E. Cloud. The book reinforces many of our own conclu~ions ~nsuch ar~s as agriculture and fisheries and, 10 addition, treats both short- and long.-term prospects in such areas as mme~al resources and fossil fuels in great detail.) Furthermore, we have not conveyed the extent of our concern for the environmental deterioration which was accompanied the population explosion, and for the catastrophic ecological consequences which would attend many of the proposed technolog.i~al "solutions" to the population-food CrtSIS. Nor have we treated the point that "development" of the rest of the world to the standards of the West probably would be lethal ecologically (Ehrlich and Ehrlich, 1970). For even If .such grim prospects are Ignored, It IS abuodantly clear that in terms of cost, lead time and implementation on the ~le required, technology without population control will be too little and too late. . What hope.there is lies not, of course:, In abandoning attempts at technological solutions; on the contrary, they must .be rsued at unprecedented levels, WIth ::::precedented judgment, and above aU with unprecedented attention to their ecological consequences. We need dramatic programs now to find way~ of amelioratin~the food cris.is -. to buy time f humanity until the Inevitable delay or ing population cootrol efforts ac~:.::r But it caJUlOl be emphasized :;"ougll tb.t if the population control measures are not initiated immediately and effectively, all the technology man can bring to bear will not fend off the misery to come. (This conclusion has also been reached within the specific contest of aid to underdeveloped countries in a Ph.D. thesis by Douglas Daetz: "Energy Utilization and Aid Effectiveness in Nonmechanized Agriculture: A Computer Simulation of a Socioeconomic System" - University of California, Berkeley, May, 1968'> Therefore, confronted as we are with limited resources of time and money, we must consider carefully what fraction of our effort should be applied to the cure of the disease itself instead of to the temporary relief of the symptoms. We should ask, for' example, how many vasectomies could be performed by a program fuoded with the 1.8 billion dollars required to build a single nuclear agroindustrial complex, and what the relative impact on tbe problem would be in both the short and long terms. The decision for population control will be opposed by growth-minded economists and businessmen, by nationalistic statesmen, by zealous religious leaders, and by tbe myopic and well-fed of every description. It is therefore incumbent on all who sense the limitations of technology and the fragility of the environmental balance to make themselves heard above the hollow, optimistic chorus - to convince society and its leaders that there is no alternative but the cessation of our irresponsible, all-demanding, and allconsuming population growth. + + + (Printed as a public service by Combined Insurance Company of America.> The co-authors are affiliated, respectively, with the department of biological sciences, and with the Institute for Plasma Research and department of aeronautics and astronautics, Stanford University. More on Pollution Evidence of dangerous levels of mercury contamination in the Great Lakes surfaced last month when the Canadian government confiscated several thousand pounds of fish from the Canadian side of Lake St. Clair. Mercury pollution has now been reported for Lake St. Claire, the Detroit River and Lake Erie. Values as high as five parts per million of mercury have been found in the muscle of walleyes from Lake St. Clair. Up to two parts per million for the same fish has been reported for Lake Erie. Further analysis of samples for mercury poisoning from the Great Lakes and from other waters of the United States could well lead to other similar disturbing results. In the past, interest, laws, and research concerning mercury poisoning have been at a minimum in the United States. How Dangerous Is Mercury Poisoning? Although attention has now been given to mercury contamination in fish in UteGreat Lakes, litUe has been said about its effects on humans and wildlife. The facts reveal that consumption of sufficient quantities of fish from high mercury contamination can result in brain cell disintegration, insanity and death. Data from mercury poisoning in Japan indicate that daily consumption of levels now found in Michigan and Canadian waters would probably lead to deaths. The Great Lakes Research Laboratory (U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries) in Ann Arbor reports that symptons of alkylmercury poisoning in man are fatigue, headaches and irritability followed by tremors, loss of feeling in fingers and toes, blurred vision and poor muscular coordination. Speech and hearing difficulties are followed by introvert tendencies which eventually can reach a point where a patient must be admitted to an institution. Further muscular wasting and neurological disorders can follow. Significant amounts of accumulated alkylmercury cause disintegration of brain cells. MERCURY POISONING: Warnings have been as Follows - 1961 - Mercury poisoning from contaminated grain accounted for 35 deaths and 321 injuries in Iraq. 1963 - Mercury poisoning from cootaminated grain accounted for 4 deaths and 34 injured in West PoldstaD. 1966 - Mercury poisoning from cootaminated grain accounted for zt deoths and 45 iDjured in Gaotemota. Japan - A mercury discharae from an industrial plant in Japanese waters contaminated sea food, resulting 10 43 deaths and uncoun~ birlh dtrKlS 1966- Sweden banned the use of methylmercury as a fungicide after great numbers of dead birds were found to contain high levels of mercury. 1969· Because 01 mercury poisoning of pheasants and Hungarian partridges, the hunting season for these species was closed in Alberta Canada. 1970· Deadline, May 1. Canadians are curtailing use of mercury by pulp and paper industries and eliminating mercury leakage by lhe chor-alkali industry. Mercury is a very stable substance and residues can persist for up to 100 years in polluted lakes. Mercury is biologically magnified in food chains. M~RCURY USE IN TIlE UNITED STATES: At this lime. no standards have been established for mercury content of food In the United Stales. Very little information is available at this time revealing the specific sources of mercury or the degrees of contamination going on around the United States. Little or no concern has been put forth by federal agencies in this country to investigate or control industries or agricultural sources which are irresponsibly using and discharging this dangerous element. A report from a recent government pesticide commission indicates that 5.:1 milliOn pounds of mercury are used annually in industry. 800,000 poonds althis go into the manufacture of pesticides. Agricultural uses of mercury are seed dressing, insecticides and fungicides. Industrial discbargesJrom mercury result mostly from paper mills and chlorine plants. The element is used as an antislime agent in paper manufacture and as an electrOde for the production of chlorine from salt water. Sugg•• Uons from S.C.O.P.E.. G.... I Lakes Region: 1. We of S.C.O.P.E. call upon the federal government to suspend immediately the use of mercury in this country by the pulp, paper, and chlor-alkali industries until investigations of use and discharge practices can be undertaken, completed and analyzed. 2. S.C.O.P.E. strongly suggests that the Department of Agriculture take immediate steps to curtail further use or mercury for seed dressings, insecticides and fungicides. 3. We of S.C.O.P.E. also request that the Food and Drug Administration immediately set standards for mercury contamination in food for the lJl1ited States. Itseems advisable that this level be set no higher than at .5 parts per million. 4. To provide input into the present vacuum of knowledge concerning mercury pollution, S.C.O.P E. urges the Department of Interior to provide financial and staff resources in the very near future to undertake a serious research program through the facilities of theF.W.P.C.A .. This program should work to determine the sources and levels of mercury pollution in waters around the country. 5. S.C.O.P.E. also urges the D partmcnt of Interior through the F.W.C.P.A. to investigale and implement control measures and adequate ::nonitoring systems which can hall the irresponsible discharge of mercury into our water systems. 6. We of S.C.O.P.E. a k that the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare implement investigations to research the effects of mercury pollution on wildlife and humans. Prepared by; John F. Turner S.C.O.P.E., Great Lakes Region The Ads Use Collegian Want Pollution, cont. and Hogan, 1969). Projected order of magnitude increases in nuclear power generation will ser!ously aggravate this situation. Although it has frequently been stated that the eventual advent of fusion reactors will free us from such difficulties, at least one authority, F. L. Parker, takes a more cautious view. He contends that losses of radioactive tritium from fusion power plants may prove even more hazardous than the analogous problems of fission reactors (Parker, 1968). A more easily evaluated problem is the tremendous quantit)' of waste heat generated at nuclear installations (to say nothing of the usable power output, which, as with power from whatever source, must also ultimately be dissipated as heat). Both have potentially disastrous effects on the local and world ecological and climatological balance. There is no simple solution to this problem, for, in ~eneral, "cooling" only moves heat; it does not remove it from the environment viewed as a whole. Moreover, the Second Law of Thermodynamics puts a ceiling on the efficiency with which we can do even this much, i.e., concentrate and transport heat. In effect, the Second Law condemns us to aggravate the total problem by generating still more heat in any machinery we devise for local cooling (consider, for example, refrigerators and air conditioners). The only heat which actually leaves the whole system, the Earth, is that which can be radiated back into space This amount steadily is being diminished as combustion of hydrocarbon fuels increases the atmospheric percentage of CO-2 which has strong absorption bands in the infrared spectrum of the outbound heat energy. (Hubbert, 1968, puts the increase in the CO-2 content of the atmosphere at ten percent since 1900.) There is, of course, a competing effect in the Earth's energy balance which is the increased reflectivity of the upper atmosphere to incoming sunlight due to other forms of air pollution. It has been estimated, ignoring both these effects, that man risks drastic (and perhaps catastrophic) climatological change if the amount of heat he dissipates in the environment on a global scale reaches one per cent of the incident solar energy at the Earth's surface (Rose and Clark, 1961). At the present five per cent rate of increase in world energy consumption, (The rate of growth of world energy consumption fluctuates strongly about some mean on a time scale of only a few years, and the figures are not known with great accuracy in any case. A discussion of predicting the mean and a defense of the figure of five per cent are given in Gueron et al, 1957.) this level w!ll be reached in less than a century, and m the immediate future the direct contribution of man's power consumption will create serious local problems. If we may safely rule out circumvention of the Second Law or the divorce of energy requirements from population size, this suggests that, whatever science ~nd technology may accomplish, population growth must be stopped. Transportation We would be remiss in our offer of a technological perspective on population problems without some mention of ~e difficulties associated with transporting large quantities of food, material or people across the face of the Earth. While our grain exports have not begun to satisfy the hunger of the underdeveloped world, they already have taxed our ability to transport food in bulk over large distances. The total amount of goods of all kinds loaded at U.S. ports for external trade was 158 million metric tons in 1965 (United Nations, 1968). Thus ii the United State;.; had such an amo~t cf grain to ship, it couid be handled only by displacing the entirety of our export trade. 1n a similar vein, the gross weight of the fertilizer, in excess ~f present consumption, required m the underdeveloped world to feed t~e additional population there in 1980_ will amount to apprOJCimately the same figure - 150 million metric tons (Sukhatme, 19660. Assuming that a substantial_fraction of this fertilizer should it be available at all, will have to 'be ·shipped ab(!Ut, we had best start building freighters! T~se problems and the even more discouraging one of internal transportation in the hungry countires, coupled with the complexities of international finance and marketing which have hobbled . even present aid programs, complet~ a dism~? picture of the prospects for ~ternal solutions to ballooning food reqwrements in much of the world. Those who env1s1on migration as a solution to problems of food, land and water distribution not only ignore the fact that the world has no promising place to put more people, they simply have not looked at the numbers of the transportation game. Neglecting the fact that migration and relocation costs would probably amount to a minimum of several thousand dollars per person, we find, for example, that the entire long-range jet transport fleet of the United States (about 600 planes - Molloy, 1968 - with an average capacity of 150), averaging two round trips per week, could transport only about 9 million people per year from India ' to the United States. This amounts to about 75 per cent of that country's annual population growth (Population Reference Bureau, 1968(. Ocean liners and transports, while larger, are less numerous and much slower, and over long distances could not do as well. Does anyone believe, then, that we are going to compensate for the world's population growth by sending the excess to the planets? If there were a place to go on Earth, financially and logistically we could not send our surplus there. Conclusion We have not attempted to be comprehensive in our treatment of population pressures and the prospects of coping with them technologically; rather, we hope simply to have given enough illustrations to make plausible our contention that technology, without population control, cannot meet the challenge. It may be argued that we have shown only that any one technological scheme taken individually is insufficient to the task at hand, whereas all such schemes applied in parallel might well be enough. We would reply that neither the commitment nor the resources to implement them all exists, and indeed that many may prove mutually exclusive (e.g., harvesting algae may diminish fish production) . Certainly, an optimum combination of efforts exists in theory, but we assert that no organized attempt to find it is being made, and that our examination of its probable eventual constituents permits little hope that even the optimum will suffice. Indeed, after a far more thorough survey of the prospects than we have attempted here, the President's Science Advisory Committee Panel on the world food supply comcluded (PSAC, 1967): "The solution of the problem that will exist after about 1985 demands that programs of population control be initiated now." We most emphatically agree, noting that " now" was two years ago! Of the problems arising out of population growth in the short, middle and long terms we have emphasized the first group'. For mankind must pass the first hurdles - food and water for the next 20 years - to be guaranteed the privilege of confronting such dilemmas as the exhaustion of mineral resources and physical space later. (Since the first draft of this article was written, the authors have seen the manuscript of a timely and pertinent forthcoming book, ~esources and Man written under the auspices of the National' Academy of Sciences and edited by Preston E. Cloud. The book reinforces many of our own conclu~ions !n such ar~s as agriculture and fisheries and, m addition treats both short- and long-term prospects in such ar~s as mine~al resources and fossil fuels m great detail.) Furthermore, we have not conveyed the extent of our concern for the environmental deterioration which was accompanied the population explosion, and for the catastrophic ecological consequences which would attend many of the proposed technolog_i~al "solutions" to the population-food crisis. Nor have we treated the point that "development" of the rest of the world to the standards of the West probably would be lethal ecologically (Ehrlich and Ehrlich, 1970)_. For ev:n _if such grim prospects are ignored, 1t 1s · abundantly clear that in terms of cost, lead time and implementation on the s~le required, technology without population control will be too little and too late. . What hope.there is lies not, of cours~, m abandoning attempts at technological solutions; on the contrary, they must _be ued at unprecedented levels, with pursecedented J·udgment, and above all UDF · t th" with unprecedented attention o err ecological consequences. We need dr matic programs now to find way~ of a 1· orating. the food crisis - to buy lime ame i the . ·table delay f r humanity until mev1 a~companying population control eff~rts ssed But it caMot be emphasized :eoo'; ~t if the population control measures are not initiated immediately and effectively, all the technology man can bring to bear will not fend off the misery to come. (This conclusion has also been reached within the specific contest of aid to underdeveloped countries in a Ph.D. thesis by Douglas Daetz: "Energy Utilization and Aid Effectiveness in Nonmechanized Agriculture: A Computer Simulation of a Socioeconomic System" - University of California, Berkeley, May, 1968.) Therefore, confronted as we are with limited resources of time and money, we must consider carefully what fraclion of our effort should be applied to the cure of the disease itself instead of to the temporary relief of the symptoms. We should ask, for· example, how many vasectomies could be performed by a program funded with the 1.8 billion dollars required to build a single nuclear agrer industrial complex, and what the relative impact on the problem would be in both the short and long terms. The decision for population control will be opposed by growth-minded economists and businessmen, by nationalistic statesmen, by zealous religious leaders, and by the myopic and well-fed of every description. It is therefore incumbent on all who sense the limitations of technology and the fragility of the environmental balance to make themselves heard above the hollow, optimistic chorus - to convince society and its leaders that there is no alternative but the cessation of our irresponsible, all-demanding, and allconsuming population growth. + + + (Printed as a public service by Combined Insurance Company of America.) The e<rauthors are affiliated, respectively, with the department of biological sciences, and with the Institute for Plasma Research and department of aeronautics and astronautics, Stanford University. More on Pollution Evidence of dangerous levels of mercury contamination in the Great Lakes surfaced last month when the Canadian government confiscated several thousand pounds of fish from the Canadian side of Lake St. Clair. Mercury pollution has now been reported for Lake St. Claire, the Detroit River and Lake Erie. Values as high as five parts per million of mercury have been found in the muscle of walleyes from Lake St. Clair. Up to two parts per million for the same fish has been reported for Lake Erie. Further analysis of samples for mercury poisoning from the Great Lakes and from other waters of the United States could well lead to other similar disturbing results. In the past, interest, laws, and research concerning mercury poisoning have been at a minimum in the United States. How Dangerou I Mercury Poisoning? Although attention has now been given to mercury contamination in fish in the Gr at Lakes, little has been said about its effects on humans and wildlife. The facts reveal that consumption of sufficient quantilie of fish from high mercury contamination can result in brain cell disintegration, insanity and death. Data from mercury poi oning in Japan indicate that daily consumption of levels now found in Michigan and Canadian waters would probably lead to deaths. The Great Lakes Research Laboratory (U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries> in Ann Arbor reports that symptons of alkylmercury poisoning in man are fatigue, headaches and irritability followed by tremors, loss of feeling in fingers and toes, blurred vision and poor muscular coordination. Speech and hearing difficulties are followed by introvert tendencies which eventually can reach a point where a patient must be admitted to an institution. Further muscular wasting and neurological disorders can follow. Significant amounts of accumulated alkylmercury cause disintegration of brain cells. MERCURY POISONING: The Warnings have been as Follows - 1961 - Mercury poisoning from contaminated grain accounted for 35 deaths and 321 injuries in Iraq. 1963 - Mercury poisoning from contaminated grain accounted for 4 deaths and 34 injured in West Pakistan. J966 - Mercury poisoning from contaminated grain accounted for zo deaths and 45 Injured in Guatemala. Japan - A mercury discharge from an industrial plant in Japan wat r contaminated ea food, r . ulltng m 3 deaths and uncoun~d birth d f«l . 1966 - Sweden baMed th u or m th ·\. mercury as a fungicide art r r •at numbers of dead bird w r found lo contain high level of m rcury. 1969 - Because of m rcury i. nin of pheasant and Hungarian partrid ·, th hunting ea on for the peci closed in Alberta Canada. 1970 - D ad.line, 1ay I. Can:idiaru ar curtailing u e of m rcur b · pulp and paper indu trie and liminatmg m rcury leakage by the chor-alkali indu. tr • . Mercury is a very tab) u tan • and residue can per i t for up to I m polluted lakes. Mercury i biologically magnified in food chains. MER URY STATE : E THE , ITED At th" time, no tandard haH· bttn establi h d for mercur content of food in the nlted ta~ . Very litUe information i availabl al this lime revealing th pec1fic ourc · of mercury or the degre of contammallon going on around the nited lat . Lilli r no concern has been put forth by fed ral agencies in this country lo mv ligate or control industries or agricultural ·our which are irrespon ibl u ·mg and discharging thi dangerous I m nt. A report from a recent gov rnm nt pesticide commi ion indicat that s.:1 million pound of mercury are used annually in industry. 800, pound oC thi go into the manufacture or pesll 1de . Agricultural use of mercury are eed dressing, insecticides and fungicid Industrial dischargesJrom mercury r ult mostly from paper mill and chlorine plants. The element i used a an anti· slime ag~nt in paper manufacture and_ a an electrode for the produ lion of chlorine from salt water. Suggestion from .. O.P.E., G~at Lakes Region: 1. We of S.C O.P.E. call 'upon th fed ral government to su pend imm diately the use of mercury in thi country by th pulp, paper, and chlor-alkali indu U:i until investigations of u !? and d1 charge practices can be und rtak n, comp! led and analyzed. 2. S.C.O.P.E . strongly ugg ts that th Department of Agricullur tak immediate tep to curtail further l.L'il' or mercury for eed dr . ·ing ' in ·ti td and fungic1d 3. We or C O.P.E al.or 1u st th t th Food and Drug Adm1n1 ·tration immediately et tandar~ for m rcur contamination in food for th lJJ11l St.ate . It m adv1:abl that th1 . ll•\· •I t no high r than al .5 parL'> per milli n 4. To pro 1d input into th pr .· nt vacuum of know! g con ming m r ur. pollution , .. 0 .P.E . urg · th Departm nt or Int rior to pro 1d financial and taff r sour m th v r near futur to und rlak a ri research program thr ugh th fa iliti · or theF.W.P .. A .. Thispr ram houldwork to determine th sourc and I Is of mercury pollution in wat r · ar nd th country 5 OP.E. alour of Int n r through lh F.W .P.A. to inve tigat and 1mpl m nt control mea ur and ad qu t :non1torrn yst m which can halt th irr p ns1bl d1 charge of m r ur. into our wal r sy terns. 6. We of P.E. ask that th Departm nt of H alth, EducatJon, and Welfare imp! m nt inv ligation to re earch the rr c of m rcury p lluti n on wildlife and human · , Prepared by : John F. Turn r S.C.O P.E., Great Lak R gion Use Collegian Want Ads from the Congressional Record: CBW • Forward or Backward? tll'<.RF IO'I\L RECORD Prec din~ .nd Df'bales of the '1st (ungrt' ,l-nit~ Slat or Amerita. First " lon~ \\a hinglon. Monda). December ,I 9. \0' It~. ~o. 2"_ call tuRWAROORaACKWARO' 1I1l' RF'J \\11" S RO E:-onl\L OF 'EII YORK In lh Hou, of Rep'e entatives Tucsd >. December 23.1969 .Ir HU 'f::-OTHAL Mr Speaker, the Pre lden,' reeenr announcement thal he would uri rallficalion of lhe 1925Geneva prolo 01 on th mltal and btclcgrcet w .. rlart· \l, ....et -omc For man) y""'" lhe nlted tares has bl'l'" con plC.."UOU. by Its ab renee (rom the 111 of counm which accepted the prot '01'. prolublllOn of the first use in ....ur of Qsph)'Xlallng. pol.onou • or other I nd 01 ba lerlologlcal melhods or " ..dart' I" en 'ouraglOS IS an analysl , by lhe ""tltHllJl \tlIon n tar h 01\ th l\Iilitar) ludia,I" ..1 tumpl \: NARMI -on what Ih' Pr' Ilkn!'s me" ge aClually means. .\IIMI . a ,pda. pro~Cl 0( the \n,,'ric n I'drnd, tni e ommiuee. CIUt,' lion v.hClher the President's l.lemenl, and Its sub equenl Intl'rprt.'Uilion b) the Pentagon, doe nol in ract . ct ba k our country In the effort lov.urd mor~ elevated and humane tandar<h. r conduct 10 war Th '\11 U(' r pMI rollows. Lillie or 0 (:hange Indiuted III .S. eli" Activities On 'o\'cmbcr 2S President Nixon held a pr s confer nce on chemical and blologltal warrare (caWl. This speech has n publiCized as a major change in pohc) and a move on the President's part toward a ban on caw agents. Howev r, a close analysis of the Pr ldcnt's pee h reveals lhat it requires \ IrluaU)' no change 10 either our current 1JM' of chemical weapons in Vielnam, or our research, development and production of these and other CBW munitions. In specific. the President made the followmg recommendations: ... As to our chemical warfare program, thc U .' rcaffirms its oil-repealed r 'nunC13110nof the firsl use or lelhal ch 'mlcal weapons," (emphasis added) 11l1SI nota ban on chemical weapons: II I~a restTlchon on first use. However, even lhl r trlcllon does not cover all chemical w apons. II only covcrs the ones thal the S. I nol currenUy using. 1'he range of ""'caponsdefined by lhe U.S. as non~lelhal IOcludl'S all ga es (even mustard gas) extepl the nerve gases (GB and VXl. hke adamslle tOM). which is being ~ d 10 Vietnam, are classified as "riot tonlrol agenlS." "'en lhough lhe Army )' thal OM IS nol 10 be used "in any oper hon where deaths are not cc~table "Ill Even lhe tear and lung ~ast':o>,'" hlch do not kill their victim dlrectl}'. are used to drive him mto the "Pl'n '" here he can be killed by aircraft or 'un (Ire (2) Yet they are exempted. as ·'non·lethal" weapons, from the Pre ldent' restrictions, "f'lrst u "of chemical herbicides and ddohanlS WIll also conhnue. despite the raCl thal the)' arc used lo deslroy rood crops lO starve ·'the enemy." and to de IrO} the Jungle covcr 10 Improve kill rahos The ,ub~tances used (or lhese purpoa.es lOelUde two arsenic compounds and M·D and 2.4.f>-T-lhe laller banned in the 101l"""IOga tudy which sh"""ed maUormahons and bIrth derecls in all 01 thr htl rs oC thc lest mice administered the t ....mlcal dunng pregnancy. The sludy rollo"ed reporl ,n saIgon n.... spapers or high rale of blrlh defects in the \'1 lname-se countryside.(3) The.' hfl t u .. of such chemical ",arr.re munlttons as napalm and white ph06phorOU, classlfled as Incendiaries, "'Ill also conllOue. (en • • Extends lhl renunclahon lo the !lrst \lit' of locap.3cltatlOg chemicals" Th onl)' CW munlllon classllled by the Arm}' a "Ineapaellahng" 1$ BZ. a plycholchf.'mlcal similar to LSD. The Penlagon has admliled lhal BZ is terribly "'Ive <at S20a pound. it takes 10 Ions to knock out a battalion(S», and it seems, (rom trial use in Vietnam, that the gas has been round 10 be unreliable. The French newspaper L'Express reported a use or BZ by the U.S. 'Army's 1st Cavalry (AIrmobile), March 14. 1966, in the vietnamese town of Bongson. (6) The problem with BZ is that il affects each person differently. While it makes some people passive, others may act violently irrational So we are faced with a situation in which the President plans to extend the no-first-use ban to a weapon which we have reported used first and found to be ineffective. • "Consonant with these decisions, the administration will submit to the Senate, (or its advice and consent to ratification, the Geneva Protocol of 1925 which prohibits the Iirst use in war of 'asphyxiating, poisonous or olher gases, and or bacleriologicat methods or warfare.' .. (emphasis added) This treaty, which was never ratified by the Senate largely due to pressure from the chemical industry. the American Legion. and the Army Chemical Corps, provides a ban on first-use· in-war, but does not prohibit research, development, production or stockpiling or CBW munitions. In addition. the Nixon Administration does not consider tear gases and herbicides to be covered by the Prolocol, even though two-thirds of the signatory na.lions (including Britain ..France and the USSR> have orncially interpreted the ban on "other gases" as inclusive of such weapons.(7) Thus. our ratification of the Protocol, if we impose these limitations, will serve to weaken the ban, while not affecting our current chemical warfare program in Vietnam. • "Biological weapons have massive unprediclable and polentially uncontrollable consequences. They may produce global epidemics and impair the health of future generations. I have thererore decided thai: The U.S. shall renounce the use of lethal biological agents and weapons, and all other methods of biological warfare." (emphasis added) This statement sounds sweeping indeed, at first reading. However, biological weapons constitute less than 10 percent of the U.S. arsenal or caw (the rest being chemical). Furthermore, at least part of this BW arsenal will not be covered in the ban because of a redefining of biological toxins which was one result of U Thant's report to the U.N. General Assembly in July, 1969. That report, compiled by chemical warfare experlS from all over the world, reclassified the nonreproductive toxins, which are produced by living organisms, as chemical, rather than biological, warfare agents.(8) it was discovered that the first chapter of the U.N. report, which included the changed definition. was written by a team headed by Dr. Ivan Bennett, Director of the New York University Medical Center. He is also Research Contract Director of the Army Chemical Corps and an advisor to the Army on epidemiology and pathology.(91 His slarr included three Pentagon officials, and the first draft of Bennett's chapter was written by the Army's CVW experts, according 10 Representative Richard McCarthy, Democrat or New York. (6) In a telephone conversation with Dr Bennett, he repo·rted that his starr, eve~ while in Geneva working on negotiations of the final draft, were in telephone contact with the Pentagon "every day." However, he stressed that his participation in the report was that of a private scientist and thus he could not speak (or the Pent.ag~n as to whether they accepted the new definition. (II) D~. Benjamin L. Harris, Deputy ASSistant Director of Chemical Technology of the ornce or Derense Research and Engineering, was then contacted about the new definition. He ac.k~owledge:<i.tt:tatuntil quite recently the mllilary dermlhon or biological warrare was lh~ "employment of living organisms lo'\:icbiological products, and plant growth regulators to produce death or casualties in man animals or plants; or defense against'such actions." (12) How~ver, he said now that the U.N. committee or "int~rnational experts" had decided on this new clear definition, "we certamly sUbscrib~ to it." (emphasis added) , He was then asked specifically whether the stockpile or 20,000Botulinum bullets al Pine Bluff Arsenal (revealed In recent press reports) (13) would be destroyed. Dr. Harris answered: "What we .h.ave" and where we have it is still classifIed. (14) Botulinum is the deadly toxin given. off by Botulism bacteria. Such dead toxms, unlike live germs, would not set off epidemics that might spread beyond the "hostile territory," 00;- would Jhey produce the "massive, unpredictable an~ potentially uncontrollable consequences which the President cited as the drawbacks to the employment or germ warfare weapons. Thus far from being banned, as the Presid~nt implied, the use of germs in warfare has merely been refined. We now produce a "chemical" agent extr;acted from live germs to induce the disease direclly. This allows us to apply the disease to selected targets rather than to rely on random infection. Botulinum bullets, then, could be ellective assassination or counterinsurgency weapons which would need -only to nick their victims to produce death by Botulism, the disease induced by the powerrul loxin. (26) The President has renounced the militarily unreliable part or the U.S. biological arsenal, and has reclassified the useful part as "chemical substances." • "The U.S. will confine its biological research "to defensive measures such as immunization and safety measure." (emphasis added) This statement prOVides a wide-open loophole for biological research and development (R&D l. It practically negates the President's biological warfare renunciation, at least in respect to its impact on our current activities, since it has been traditional to define biological research and development as "defensive." For example, the day of the President's speech, Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird told Senator Charles Mathias, Jr. (R-Md.l that "There will be no major impact on the basic research in defense systems and safety" being conducted at Fort Detrick, Md., the nation's biological warfare research and development center. (Among the diseases involved in the work at Detr.ick are pneumonic plague, tularemia, brucellosis, anthrax, encephalitis, glanders, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, undulant fever, psittacosis, cholera, botulism and coccidioidomycosis.) (5) In fact, the Deputy Commanding Officer at Fort Detrick Colonel Lucien Winegar, said "it would b~ 'fair to assume' that Detrick will continue to produce dangerous' organisms that could be used offensively, since any ?efense against biological weapons Involves the production of harmful agents that are potentially available to an enemy."(6) As "defense" involv.es producing :'offensive" diseases, so "offense" Involves "defensive" inoculation of one's own troops. Thus the lines between defense and o~fe~se.are blurred to the degree that the distinction becomes meaningless. It would seem thaI Rep. Richard McCarthy's statement made at Tufts University on September 15, 1969, would still hold true even after. th~ President's speech. McCar.thy said: 'there is very little of a defenSive nature in our biological warfare program. . .. ~e do not ?ave any defense for our clvlhan populatlOn against a germ attack We do not even have an effective warnin . system against atlack with biOlogiCa~ agents .... Even our armed forces ha n? eff~~ctivemeans of protection againVs~ bIOlogical warfare .... We can conclude rrom the lack or a derense lhat our g war~are polic~ is one that would de::-: agamst bIologIcal warfare by the th t I a b' I . I' rea 0 ~ooglca attack In retaliation "(17) Fmally" we come to a poini in -the PreSIdent s speec~ which suggests a small change in our .actual actiVities rather than merely a change in 00; rhetoric. • "The DOD has been asked to make recommendations as to the disPosal of existing stock of bacteriological weapons. " Here the President, while not ordering any specifi~. action has asked the Department of Defense to" make recommendations about possible actions. It is hard to ten how this will affect OUr biological warfare facilities. Fort Detrick (the largest BW center, which had a 1969 budget or $421.5million( 18)) claims thai it does not stockpile weapcns.t isj but maintains only "limited components for biological testing." Pine Bluff Arsenal in Arkansas (which has' 273 refrigerated "igloos" for storage, and biological production facilities to mass-produce its biological agents if they are needed)(20) may have a small portion of its activities cut back, but the Base Commander Colonel Clyde L. Friar, says: "We have n~ plans at this time .... Itwill be Laird's job and that 01 the DOD to come up with the procedures."(2U If this base does give up storage of germs for biological warfare it would still retain its stock of chemical and nerve gas weapons, its stocks of bacteriaproduced "toxins," its production . facilities for _incendiaries and ,its "defensive" biological research and development. The Army's largest testing area, the Dugway Proving Grounds in Utah apparently will not be arrected. In lact, th~ President 'said nothing at all about the halting of open-air testing such as the kind that killed 6000 sheep outside 01 Dugway last year. While little change is indicated in these three leading U.S. CBW inslallalioos, there have been reports of cuts in evw staffs in some areas. (22) Such reports, however, should be carerully scrutinized in light of indications by White House spokesmen that "as much as possible, this (delensive) research will be shifted rrom th.e Delense Department to lhe Department of Health, Education and Welfare."(23} Senator Charles Mathias, in reporting on his interview with Secretary 01 Derense Laird on the day 01 the Presidenl's speech, also indicated a Irend in this direction.(24) A shift 01 CBW research to suc·h agencies as the National Institutes of Health would be a deceptive victory indeed for CBW critics. ., If the purpose or the President's spe""h was not, then, to indicate a major change in U.S. CBW activities, what was its purpose'? If is interesting to note that the President's speech was delivered at a time when the Song My revelatioos had generated an international atmosphere of anti-American feeling. The speech produced . the expected wave of congratulation Jrom European capitals. The speech also came at a time whenthe big powers were becoming increasingly fearful of the proliferation of relatively cheap CBW munitions among the smaller nations of the world, as indicated by the final ratification of the nuclear non· proliferation treaty by the U.S. and the USSR the previous day. Perhaps ev~n mure important, the statement came within one day of the publication 01 Representative McCarthy's book, The Ultimate Folly: War by Pestilence,· Asphyxiation, and Defoliation (Knopr, 1969), a lrigh point in the anti-CBW movement. Further, it came the day of the releas~of still another Congressional investigation which scrutinized U.S. CBWacti,.ities.(25) Thus, while the Presidenfs minor restrictions may help the world to breathe a, microscopic degree easier, the ove~al1 errects or the speech may be the opposIte. The Presient's speech may have-servedto disarm the President's critics more than to ~isarm the U.S. CBW capacity. .(Wrilien by Arlhur Kaoegis, NARIIIIC Research assistant.) FOOTNOTES d 1 Employment of Chemical an M Biologica I Agents, Army Field ManualF 3-10, MarCh 31, 1966, p. 7. as .2 T-bis use is confirmed by sources r dIvergent as widespread newspa~n accounts, lirsthand letters rrom soldiers ~ Vietnam (reprint in War.Peace Re.~~ November, 1969, p. 1'7>,testimony he;' congressional hearings <U.S., Cong~oo; Senate, Commitee on Foreign Re18~30' Hearings on OBW, 91st Cong., AP'\seU 1969, p. 34) and Army magazine I y ("I r II AJ'Dt' n antry Support WeapoOS, l goo October 19691, although the Pen a From the Congressional Record: CBW - Forward or Backward? to knock out a battalion(S)), and it seems, from trial use in Vietnam, tha t the gas ha en found to be unrelia'ble. The Fr nch new paper L Express reported a us or BZ by the Army's 1st Cavalry ( 1rmobile), , larch 14, 1966, in the 'ietname e town of Bongson.(6) The problem with BZ i that it affects each r on differently. While it makes some ople pa i\'e, others may act violently irrational. we are faced with a situation in v. hich the President plans to extend the no-first-u. ban to a weapon which we \'e reported u. ed fir t and found to be ncffe live. • ''Consonant with these d cisions, the dmini tration will ubmit to the Senate, for its advice and con ent to ratification, th Gene\'a Protocol or 1925 which prohibits the first u e in war of · :phy 1ating, poisonou or other gases, nd of bacteriological methods of warfare.' ·• <empha is add d> Thi treaty, which was never ratified by th nate largely due to pressure from th ch mica! indu try, the American l ion , and the Army Chemical Corps, pro\'1d - a ban on first-use-in-war, but d - not prohibit re earch, development, production or tockpiling of CBW munitions. In addition. the 'ixon Administration doe:; not con ider tear gases and hcrbicid to be co\'ered by the Protocol, ven though two-thirds of the signatory na.tions < including Britain, France and the R) have orficially interpreted the ban on "other gases" as inclusive of such weapons.(7) Thus, our ratification of the Protocol. if we impose these limitations, will rve to weaken the ban, while not affecting our current chemical warfare program in Vietnam. • " Biological weapons have massive unpredicta ble and potentially uncontrollable consequences. They may produce global epidemics and impair the health of future generations. I have therefore decided tha t: The U.S. shall renounce the use of lethal biological agents and weapons, and all other methods of biological warfare." ( emphasis added} This statement sounds sweeping indeed, at first reading. However, biological weapons constitute less than 10 percent of the S arsenal of CBW ( the rest being chemical). Furthermore, at least part of thi BW arsenal will not be covered in the ban because of a redefining of biological toxin which was one result of U Thant's report to the U.N. General Assembly in July, 1969. That report, compiled by chemical warfare experts from all over • the world, reclassified the nonreproducti\'e toxins, which are produced by living organisms. as chemical, rather than biological, warfare agents.(8) It wa discovered that the first chapter f the . ·. report, which included the changed definition, was written by a team headed by Dr. Ivan Bennett, Director of th 'ew York niversity 1edical Center. He i al o Research Contract Director of the rmy Chemical Corps and an advisor to the Army on epidemiology and pathology.(9) Hi taff included three Penta on officials. and the first draft of Bennett's chapter was written by the Army ' CVW experts, accordi ng to Representati\'e Richa rd McCa rthy, Democrat of 'ew York. (16) In a telephone conversation with Dr Bennett, he repo.rted that his staff eve~ while in Geneva working on negotiations of th final draft. were in telephone contact with the Pentagon ··every day." However he stre ed that his participa tion in th~ report wa that of a private scientist, and thus he could not speak for the Pentagon as to whether they accepted the new definition. ( ll > Dr. Benjamin L. Harris, Deputy As 1stant Director of Chemical Technology of the Office of Defense R earch and Engineering, was then contacted about the new definition. H1: c.k~owledg~ -~ at until quite recently the m1htary definition of biological warfare was the "employment of living organisms to i b1olo ical product , and plant growth r ulators to produce death or casualties in man, animals or plants; or defense aga inst such actions." (12} How~ver, he said now that the U.N. comm~ttee of "int~rnational experts" had decided_ on this new clear definition, "we certainly subscrib~ to it." (emphasis added) He was then asked specifically whether the stockpile of 20,000 Botulinum _bullets at Pine Bluff Arsenal (revealed m recent press reports)(13) would be destroyed. Dr. Harris answered: "What we have and where we have it is still classified."(14) Botulinum is the deadly toxin given_ off by Botulism bacteria. Such dead to>0ns, unlike live germs, would not set off epidemics that might spi:ead beyond the "hostile territory," no:- would - they produce the " massive, unpredictable an~ potentially uncontrollable consequences which the President cited as the drawbacks to the employment of germ warfare weapons. Thus far from being banned, as the Presid~nt implied, the use of germs in warfare has merely been refined. We now produce a " chemical" agent extr;acted from live germs to induce the disease directly. This allows us to apply the disease to selected targets rather than to rely on random infection. Botulinum bullets, then, could be effective assassina tion or counterinsurgency weapons which would need only to nick their victims to produce death by Botulism, the disease induced by the powerful toxin. (26) The President has r~nounced the militarily unreliable part of the U.S. biological arsenal, and has reclassified the useful part as " chemical substances." • "The U.S. will confine its biological research to defensive measures such as immunization and safety measure." < emphasis added} This statement provides a wide-open loophole for biological research and development (R&D ). It practically negates the President's biological warfare renunciation, at least in respect to its impact on our current activities, since it has been traditional to define biological research and development as " defensive." For example, the day of the President's speech, Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird told Senator Charles Mathias, Jr. (R-Md.) that "There will be no major impact on the basic research in defense systems and safety" being conducted at Fort Detrick Md., the nation;s biological warfar; research and development center. (Among the diseases involved in the work a t Detr_ick are pneumonic plague, tularemia , brucellosis, anthrax encephalitis, glanders, Rocky Mountai~ spotted fever, undulant fever, psittacosis, cholera, botulism and coccidioidomycosis. > (1 5) In fact, the Deputy Commanding Officer at Fort Detrick Colonel Lucien Winegar, said "it would b~ 'fair to assume' that Detrick will continue to produce dangerous · organisms that could be used offensively, since any ?efense aga inst biological weapons involves the production of harmful agents that are potentially available to an enemy."(16) As " defense" involves producing '.' offensive" diseases, so " offense" involves "defensive" inoculation of one's own troops. Thus the lines between defense and o~fe~se _are blurred to the degree that the distinction becomes meaningless. It would seem that Rep. Richard McCarthy's statement made at Tufts University on September 15, 1969, would still hold true even after . th: President's speech. McCar_thy said: _'there is very little of a defensive nature in our biological warfare program. . . ~e do not ~ave any defense for our c1v1han population against a germ attack We do not even have an effective warnin . system against attack with biologica1 agents .. : . Even our armed forces have ~ leff~tilve means of protection against 10 og1ca warfare ... . We can conclude from the lack of a defense that our war_fare palicy is one that would d!:~ aga_inst ~10logical warfare by the threat of a b~olog1cal attack in retaliation."(17) F1~ally,, we come to a point in -the President s speech which suggests a small change in our actual activities rather than merely a change in ou; rhetoric. • "The DOD has been asked to make recommendations as to the disposal of existing stock of bacteriological weapons." Here the President, while not ordering any specific . ac!ion hc!s asked the Department of Defense to make recommendations about pos.sible actions. It is hard to tell how this will affect our biological warfare facilities. Fort Detrick (the largest BW c~°:ter, which had a 196g budget of $421.5 m1lhon(18)) claims that it does not stockpile weapons, (19) but maintains only "limited components for biological testing." Pine Bluff Arsenal in Arkansas (which has· 273 refrigerated "igloos " for storage, and biological production facilities to mass-produce its biological agents if they are needed)(20) may have a small portion of its activities cut back, but the Base Commander Colonel Clyde L. Friar, says: "We haven~ plans a tthis time . . .. It will be Laird's job and that of the DOD to come up with the procedures." ( 21) If this base does give up storage of germs for biological warfare it would still retain its stock of chemical a'nd nerve gas weapons, its stocks of bacteria. produced "toxins," its production facilities for incendiaries and its "defensive" biological research and development. The Army's largest testing area, the Dugway Proving Grounds in Utah apparently will not be affected. In fact, th~ President said nothing at all about the halting of open-air testing such as the kind that killed 6000 sheep outside of Dugway last year. While little change is indicated in these three leading U.S. CBW installations there have been reports of cuts in CVW staffs in some areas.(22) Such reports, however, should be carefully scrutinized in light of indications by White House spokesmen that "as much as possible, this ( defensive) research will be shifted from the Defense Department to the Department of Health, Education and Welfare." (23) Senator Charles Mathias, in reporting on his interview with Secretary of Defense Laird on the day of the President's speech, also indicated a trend in this direction. (24) A shift of CBW research to such agencies as the National Institutes of Health would be a deceptive victory indeed for CBW critics. If the purpose of the President's spe~h was not, then, to indicate a major change in U.S. CBW activities, what was its purpose'? It is interesting to note that the President's speech was delivered at a time when the Song My revelations had generated an international atmosphere of anti-American feeling. The speech produced the expected wave of congratulation from European capitals. The speech also came at a time when the big powers were becoming increasingly fearful of the proliferation of relatively cheap CBW munitions among the smaller nations of the world, as indicated by the final ratification of the nuclear nonproliferation treaty by the U.S. and the USSR the previous day. Perhaps ev_en mure important, the statement came within one day of the publication of Representative McCarthy's book, The Ultimate Folly: War by Pestilence, Asphyxiation, and Defoliation (Knopf, 1969), a high point in the anti-CBW movement. Further, it came the day of the release of still another Congressional investigation which scrutinized U.S. CBW activities. (2Sl Thus, while the President's minor restrictions may help the world to breathe a microscopic degree easier, the ove~all effects of the speech may be the opposite. The Presient's speech may have'served to disarm the President's critics more than to rlisarm the U.S. CBW capacity. · <Written by Arthur Kanegis, NARl\1IC Research assistant.) FOOTNOTES d 1 Employment of Chemical anM Biological Agents, Army Field Manual F 3-10, March 31, 1966, p. 7. as 2 This use is confirmed by sources divergent as widespread newspaP:r di rs 1n accounts, firsthand letters from sol e t, Vietnam (reprint in War-Peace Refr e November, 1969, p. 17), testimony be :S congressional hearings (U.S., Conr ns' Senate, Commitee on Foreign Rela.\\0' Hearings on OBW, 91st Cong., _Apri·iseU 1969, p. 34) and Army magazine 1 y ("I f " Ar111 n ' antry Support Weapons, t gon October 1969), although the Pen a CBI, continued officially insists that it uses these gases "to save lives" (Pentagon Press Release, September 23, 1969), 3 "Thalid_Q.rnide Effects From ,Deiolfants," Scientific Research, Vol. 4, No. 23, November 10, 1969, p, 12. 4 The Army classifies these chemical substances as incendiaries rather than chemical weapons, arguing that they kill people by burning and asphyxiation rather than by poisoning. However, the Encyclopedia Brittanica defines Napalm as "an aluminum soap of naphthenic and palmitic acids which when mixed with gasolines form sticky syrup used in CHEMICALWARFARE." The thickening substances used in Napalm were first developed in 1944~1945under contract to the Chemical Warfare Service, and improved more recently by U.S. chemical companies (Dow's Napalm "B"). White phosphorous is also a chemical substance, and is manufactured in the chemical weapons production facilities at the Pine Bluff CBW Arsenal. (William Terry, "Huge Germ-War Arsenal Awaiting Orders to Close," washington Post, November 27, 1969, p. A2.) 5 Robert M. Smith, "Germ War: What Nixon Gave Up," New York Times, November 26, 1969, p. 16. 6 Pierre Darcourt, "Le Temps Des Massacres," L'Express, March 14-20,1966. 7 Richard Homan, "Vietnam Use of Gas Could Block Treaty." Washington Post, November 26, 1969, p. Ai. 8 U Thant, "Report of the Secretary General on Chemical and Bacteriological (Biologica1lWeapons and the Effects of Their Possible Use," July 1, 1969, pp. 6-7. 9 The 1969 edition of Who's Who included the following citations for Dr. Ivan L. Bennett: "special cons, Surgeon Gen, US Army"; "Commn on Epidemiological Survey, Ar1J1ed Forces Epidemiology Rd.;;; "Research Contract Dir., Army Chern Corps."; "mem bd sci advisors, Armed Forces lost Pathology". 10 Richard McCarthy, "Banning CB Weapons - the Pressure Mounts," warPeace Report, November, 1969, p. 19. 11 Telephone mterview with Dr. Ivan L. Bennett at his N.Y.U. Medical Center office, December-a, 1969. 12 This defimtion, with emphasis added, was quoted from the Dictionary of US Military terms for Joint Usage, August I, 1968. . 13 Robert M. Smith, "20,000 Poison Bullets Made and Stockpiled by Army," New York Times, October 31, 1969. 14 Telphone interview with Dr. Albert Hayward at the Pentagon, December 4, 1969. 15 John Hanrahan, "Germ Warfare Ban Is Expected to have Slight Effeclon Detrick," Washington Post, November 26, 1969,p. A6. 16 Ibid. 17 Richard McCarthy, Press Release, "Remarkes of Rep. Richard D. McCarthy at Tufts University-Medford, Massachusetts, September 15, 1969 - CBW as National Policy." 18 Defense Marketing Survey, as cited by Seymour Hersh, "On Uncovering the Great Nerve Gas Coverup," Ramparts, Une, 1969, p. 15. 19 Hanrahan, p. A6. 20 Smith, "20,000 Poison Bullets." 21 Terry, p. A2. 23 Seymour Hersh, Dispatch News Analysis, Dispatch News Service, 199. - 23 James M, Naughton, "Nixon Renounces Germ Weapons," New York Times, Nov. 26, 1969, p. 16. 24 Hanrahan, p. A6. 25~U.S. Congress, House, Committee on Appropriations, Hearings, Department of Defense Appropriations for 1970, sist Congress, July 1, 1969(released November 26, 1969). 26 Botulinum toxin, derived fr?m Clostridium Botulinum, as well as toxins drived from Salmonella and Staylococcus, could be dispersed in a variety of ways in "chemical" biological warfare. Dr. Bennett himself noted: "It has been calcUlated that the placing of only 5.0 kilograms of botulinum toxin, a poisonous Il\aterial produced by a hacterium (which, taougn biologically produced would be used as .a chemical weapon) into a reservoir would result in the same degrees of POisoning that would be achieved by dumping 10tons of potassium cyanide into the water supply."-testimony before the House Foreign Relations Subcommitee on National Security Policy and Scientific Developments, November 20, 1969,printed In the Congressional Record, November 25, t969, pp. H1l43t-H1l434. Nelson Proposes Constitutional Amendment on Environment Mr. NELSON. Mr. President, in the nearly _40 years since Franklin D. Roosevelt said in his first inaugual address that "this great Nation will endure as it has endured, will revive and will prosper," our economy-has soared to levels that no one in the 1930's could have imagined. In these past four decades we have become the wealthiest nation on earth by almost any measure of production and consumption ... In short, we assumed that, if private enterprise. could be such a spectacular success in the production of goods and services, it could do our social planning for us, too, set our national priorities, shape our social system, and even establish our individual aspirations ... We have not. For, in addition to the other traumatic national and international events, the 1960's·have produced another kind of "top of the decade" list. It has been a decade when the darkening cloud of pollution seriously began degrading the thin envelope of air surrounding the globe; when pesticides and unrestricted waste disposal threatened tbe productivity of all the oceans of the world; when virtually every lake, river, and watershed in America began to show the distressing symptoms of being overloaded with polluting materials ... Cum ula tively, "progress-American style" adds up each year to 200million tons of smoke and fumes, 7 million junked cars, 20 million tons of paper, 48 billion cans, and 28 billion bottles ... It is the laboring man, living in the shadows of the spewing smokestacks of industry, who feels the bite of the "disposable society". Or the commuter inching in spurts along an expressway. Or the housewife paying too much for products that begin to fall apart too soon. Or the student watching the university building program destroy a community. Or the black man living alongside the noisy, polluted truck routes through the central city ghetto. Dr. S. Dillon Ripley, Secretary of the Smithsonian Instiutution, believes that in 25 vears some where between 75 and 80 percent of all the species of living animals will be extinct. Dr. Paul Ehrlich, eminent California ecologist, and many other scientists predict the end of the oceans as a productive resource within the next 50 years unless pollution is. stopped. The United States provides as estimated onethird to one-half of the industrial pollution of the sea. It is especially ironic that, even as we pollute the sea, there is hope that its resources can be used to feed tens of millions of hungry people. What has been missing is the unity of purpose, forged out of a threat to .our national health or security or prestige, that we so often seem to have found only during world war. . . With the massive new coalition of interests that is now forming, which is including the urbanite and the student, it is possible to wage war on our environmental problems and win. In any such .ef!ort the continued commitment of millions of people is the most essential resou~ce of all. More than money, restor-ing our envirorunent and establishing quality on a par with quantity as a goa) of American life wiB require a reshaping of our values, sweeping changes in the performance and goals of our institutions, national standards of quality for the goods we produce, a humanizing and redi~ection of our technology, and greatly increased attention to the problem of our expandmg population. . American acceptance of the ecological ethic will involve nothing less than achieving a transition from ~.e cons.u~er society to a.soclety of "new citizenship .- a society that concerns itself as much WIth the well-being of present and future generations as it does with bigness aod abundance. Itis an ethic wh~e yardstick for progress should be: Is It good for people? tho da The first item I suggest for IS agen will be the introduction of an am.endme~t t th U S, Constitution which will o e .. I . ht recognize and protect the inalienab e ng rson to a decent environment. of every pe '11 be b .ef Itwill state: The amendment WI rrer. Every Person Has the Inalienable Right to a Decent Environment. The United Slates and Every Slate Shall Guarantee This Righl Internal Combustion Engine. Phase out the internal combustion automobile engine by January 1, 1978, unless it can meet national emission standards by that time, Eliminate Hard Pesticides. Eliminate persistent, toxic pesticides - the "chlorinated hydrocarbons" - by 1972. Family Planning. The third item on an agenda for quality of American life should be establishing and protecting the right of every citizen to plan his family. The funds and coordination must be made available for conducting necessary research into population problems and providing family planning services. The statistics are deeply disturbing. It took until 1850for the world population 10 reach 1 billion. By 1930,80 years later, that figure had doubled, and by the year 2000, the world population is expected to reach 6 to 8 billion. Reduce Detergent Pollution. Set strict antipollution standards on detergents including a ban on their phosphorous "builders" that have contributed so much to the pollution of our lakes all across the Nation. Jet Aircraft Pollution. To dramatically reduce pollution from jet aircraft, establish a deadline of December 1972for the installation of smokeless combustors on their engines. Industry has produced a combustor that makes jet engines smokeless and significanUy cuts their other pollution. Ai the rate the airlines have agreed to install these devices, it would take until the middle of the <lecade to make the changeover. It will soon be possible to install the combustors at the rate of 200 a month, which would accomplish the changeover in 2 years, but the industry is refusing to do so. Eliminate Nonreturnable Containers. Eliminate bottles, jars, and cans from the American landscape through a combination of effluent charges, development of reusable or degradable containers, and packaging standards. Environmental Advocate Agency. The fourth item on an agenda for the 1970's must be involving the citizen in environmental decision making through new mechanisms, including establishment of new channels and forums for public participation, creation of a citizen environmental' advocate agency, and creation of an environmental overview committee in Congress. As a start, industry must consult with the community on the pollution controls needed to protect and enhance the environment. It must make a full disclosure of facts before, not after, the decisions are made thai affect the consumer and his envirorunent. Moratorium on Undersea Oil Production. A fifth item on an' environmental agenda for the 1970's should be the launching of a broad-scale effort to halt the pollution of our sea. Municipalities and industries must be required to hall their wholesale dumping of wastes into the ocean environment. And we should declare a moratorium on new leases or permits for oil production and other activities on the undersea Outer Continental Shelf until criteria are established for its protection. Environmental Education. The sixth item on the agenda should be the establishment of an environmental education program which will make the environment and man's relationship to it a major interdisciplinary subject at every level of public education. Transportation' for People. As a seventh item for an environmental agenda, we must utilize the billions of dollars a year that could be made available on completion of the Interstate Highway System to provide new transportation alternatives, including mass transit, in our polluted, congested, highway-choked urban areas. National Land Use Policy. As an eighth item, a national policy on land use must be , delineated and implemented that will halt the chaotic, unplanned combination of urban sprawl, industrial expansion, and air, water, land and visual pollution that is seriously threatening the quality of life of major regions of the Nation, A National Minerals and Resources PoUcy, Vital resources are already being exhausted because of our fantastic rate of consumption and our indiscriminate national waste. National Air and Water Quality Policy. As a lOth and highly important item, America must establish a national air and water quality policy and commitment which will restore and enhance the quality of these critical natural resources. Our dirtied rivers and poisoned air are dramatic evidence of the desparate need to take action on the national unprecedented scale. Environmental Political Action. The 11th item on an agenda for the 1970's mu t be the creation of a nonpartisan national environmental political action organization, with State and local organizations' providing the foundation. Conclusion Our efforts to meet a broad-gaged agenda such as Ihave outlined above will require a vast increase in spending for environmental programs. At least $20 to $25 billion per year over present expenditures is essential. A major portion of this could come from existing sources of revenues by reordering national priorities and diverting funds to environmenlal program. New resources must also be tapped. Mr. President, at this time I introduce, for appropriate reference, a constitutional amendment to guarantee every person the right to a decent environment and ask unanimous .consent that the lext of the amendment be printed in the RECORD, at the conclusion of my remarks. Tuition on the UP Tuition increases were proposed Friday, April 10, by the University of Wisconsin regents Budget Committee. The committee proposed an increase in undergraduate tuition of $58 per year, raising the semester tuition to $254 from the previous $225. The graduate level fee for full time students would be boosted from $263 per semester to $297. Non-residents also suffer increas . Non-resident under-grads and grad would pay $899 and $1,064 per emester respectively. For the part time students, the per credit fee would be raised from $19 to $20.50 for residents and from $71.50 10 $74.50 ror non-residents. This .preview was based on pr S nt budget estimates for the next biennium and on percentage levels pecified by the Wisconsin Legislation for the basic instructional cost, 25 per cent, up from the previous 22.5 per cent These fee figures are tentative, "University officials stressed. Fees will be established when the regent approve the University budgel in June. Open Saturdays 9 A.M. to Noon For Your Convenience American State Bank FREE CHECK' NG ACCOUNTS TO STUDENTS AND RETIREES S928 81xtietJl 8tftJet KelUlllba CBW, continued officially insists that it uses these gases "to save lives" (Pentagon Press Release, September 23, 1969). 3 "Thaljd_Q.~ide Effects From Defoliants," Scientific Research, Vol. 4, No. 23, November 10, 1969, p. 12. 4 The Army classifies these chemical substances as incendiaries rather than chemical weapons, arguing that they kill people by burning and asphyxiation rather than by poisoning. However, the Encyclopedia Brittanica defines Napalm as " an aluminum soap of naphthenic and palmitic acids which when mixed with gasolines form sticky syrup used in CHEMICAL WARFARE. " The thickening substances used in Napalm were first developed in 1944-1945 under contract to the Chemical Warfare Service , and improved more recently by U.S. chemical companies (Dow's NapaJm "B''.). White phosphorous is also a chemical substance, and is manufactured in the chemical weapons production facilities at the Pine Bluff CBW Arsenal. (William Terry, " Huge Germ-War Arsenal Awaiting Orders to Close," W.ashington Post, November 27, 1969, p. A2.) 5 Robert M. Smith, "Germ War: What Nixon Gave Up," New York Times, November 26, 1969, p. 16. 6 Pierre Darcourt, "Le Temps Des Massacres," L'Express, March 14-20, 1966. 7 Richard Homan, "Vietnam Use of Gas Could Block Treaty." Washington Post, November 26, 1969, p. Al. 8 U Thant, "Report of the Secretary General on Chemical and Bacteriological (Biological)Weapons and the Effects of Their Possible Use," July 1, 1969, pp. 6-7. 9 The 1969 edition of Who's Who included the following citations for Dr. Ivan L. Bennett: "special cons, Surgeon Gen, US Army"; "Commn on Epidemiological Survey, Armed Forces Epidemiology Bd.;;; "Research Contract Dir., Army Chem Corps."; "mem bd sci advisors, Armed Forces Inst Pathology". 10 Richard McCarthy, "Banning CB Weapons - the Pressure Mounts," WarPeace Report, November, 1969, p. 19. 11 Telephone interview with Dr. Ivan L. Bennett at his N.Y.U. Medical Center office, December ·4, 1969. 12 This definition, with emphasis added, was quoted from the Dictionary of US Military terms for Joint Usage, August 1, 1968. 13 Robert M. Smith, "20,000 Poison Bullets Made and Stockpiled by Army," New York Times, October 31, 1969. 14 Telphone interview with Dr. Albert Hayward at the Pentagon, December 4, 1969. 15 John Hanrahan, "Germ Warfare Ban Is Expected to have Slight Effect on Detrick," Washington Post, November 26, 1969, p. A6. 16 Ibid. 17 Richard McCarthy, Press Release, "Remarkes of Rep. Richard D. McCarthy at Tufts University-Medford, Massachusetts, September 15, 1969 - CBW as National Policy." 18 Defense Marketing Survey, as cited by Seymour Hersh, "On Uncovering the Great Nerve Gas Coverup," Ramparts, Une, 1969, p. 15. 19 Hanrahan, p. A6. 20 Smith, "20,000 Poison Bullets." 21 Terry, p. A2. 23 Seymour Hersh, Dispatch News Analysis, Dispatch News Service, 199. 23 James M. Naughton, "Nixon Renounces Germ Weapons," New York Times, Nov. 26, 1969, p. 16. 24 Hanrahan, p. A6. 25 U.S. Congress, House, Committee on Appropriations, Hearings, Department of Defense Appropriations for 1970, 91st Congress, July 1, 1969 (released November 26, 1969). 26 Botulinum toxin, derived from Clostridium Botulinum as well as toxins drived from Salmonell~ and Staylococcus, could be dispersed in a variety of ways in "chemical" biological warfare. Dr. Bennett himself noted: "It has been calculated that the placing of only 5.0 kilograms of botulinum toxin, a poisonous material produced by a bacterium (which, though biologically produced would be used as a chemical weapon) into a reservoir would result in the same degrees of poisoning that would be achieved by dumping 10 tons of potassium cyanide into the water supply."-testimony bef~re the Hou_se Foreign Relations Subcomm_itee_ ~n National Security Policy and Scientific ~evelopments, November 20, 1969, printed in the Congressional Record, November 25, 1969, pp. Hi1431-Hl1434. elson Proposes Constitutional Amendment on Environment Mr. NELSON. Mr. President, in the nearly . 40 years since Franklin D. Roosevelt said in his first inal,lgual address that "this great Nation will endure as it has endured, will revive and will prosper," our economy-has soared to levels that no one in the 1930's could have imagined. In these past four decades we have become the wealthiest nation on earth by almost any measure of production and consumption . .. In s_hort, we assumed that, if private enterprise • could be such a spectacular success in the production of goods and services, it could do our social planning for us, too, set our national priorities, shape our social system, and even establish our individual aspirations . . . We have not. For, in addition to the other traumatic national and international events, the 1960's have produced another kind of "top of the decade" list. It has been a decade when the darkening cloud of pollution seriously began degrading the thin envelope of air surrounding the globe; when pesticides and unrestricted waste disposal threatened the productivity of all th~ oceans of the world; when virtually every lake, river, and watershed in America began to show the distressing symptoms of being overloaded with polluting materials . .. Cumulatively, ''progress-American style" adds up each year to 200 million tons of smoke and fumes, 7 million junked cars, 20 million tons of paper, 48 billion cans, and 28 billion bottles ... It is the laboring man, living in the shadows of the spewing smokestacks of industry, who feels the bite of the "disposable society". Or the commuter inching in spurts along an expressway. Or the housewife paying too much for products that begin to fall apart too soon. Or the student watching the university building program destroy a community. Or the black man living alongside the noisy, polluted truck routes through the central city ghetto. Dr. S. Dillon Ripley, Secretary of the Smithsonian Instiutution, believes that in 25 vears some where between 75 and 80 percent of all the species of Jiving animals will be extinct. Dr. Paul Ehrlich, eminent California ecologist, and many other scientists predict the end of the oceans as a productive resource within the next 50 years unless pollution is. ~topped. The United States provides as estimated onethird to one-half of the industrial pollution of the sea. It is especially ironic that, even as we pollute the sea, there is hope that its resources can be used to feed tens of millions of hungry people. What has been missing is the unity of purpose, forged out of a threat to _our national health or security or prestige, that we so often seem to have found only during world war. With the massive new coalition of interests that is now forming, which is including the urbanite and the student, it is possible to wage war on our environmental problems and win. In any such _ef_fort the continued commitment of millions of people is the most essential resou~ce of all. More than money, restoring our environment and establishing quality on a par with quantity as a goal of American life will require a reshaping of our values, sweeping changes in the performanc~ and goals of our institutions, national standards of quality for the goods we produce a humanizing and redirection of our tecbnology, and greatly increa~ed attention to the problem of our expandmg population. . American acceptance of the ecological ethic will involve nothing less than achieving a transitionJrom ~-e cons_u?,ler society to a society of new citizenship .- a society that concerns itself as much with the well-being of pres~nt ~nd future generations as it does with bigness ~nd abundance. It is an ethic wh~e yardstick for progress should be: Is it good for people? th" da The first item I suggest for is agen will be the introduction of an am_endme?t to the U.S. Constitution which :,vdl recognize and protect the inalien~ble nght erson to a decent environment of every p "ll be b ·er It will state: The amendment wi n · . Every Person Has the Inalienable R~ght a Decent Environment. The United to t d Every State Shall Guarantee Sta es an This Right. Internal Combustion Engine. Phase out the internal combustion automobile engine by January 1, 1978, unless it can meet national emission standards by that time. Eliminate Hard Pesticides. Eliminate persistent, toxic pesticides - the "chlorinated hydrocarbons" - by 1972. Family Planning. The third item on an agenda for quality of Ame~ican life should be establishing and protecting the right of every citizen to plan his family. The funds and coordination must be made available for conducting necessary research into population problems and providing family planning services. The statistics are deeply disturbing. It took until 1850 for the world population to reach 1 billion. By 1930, 80 years later, that figure had doubled, and by the year 2000, the world ~pulation is expected to reach 6 to 8 billion. Reduce Detergent Pollution. Set strict antipollution standards on detergents including a ban on their phosphorous "builders" that have contributed so much to the pollution of our lakes all across the Nation. Jet Aircraft Pollution. To dramatically reduce pollution from jet aircraft, establish a deadline of December 1972 for the installation of smokeless combustors on their engines. Industry has produced a combustor that makes jet engines smokeless and significantly cuts their other pollution. At the rate the airlines have agreed to install these devices, it would take until the middle of the .decade to make the changeover. It will soon be possible to install the combustors at the rate of 200 a month, which would accomplish the changeover in 2 years, but the industry is refusing to do so. Eliminate Nonreturnable Containers. Eliminate bottles, jars, and cans from the American landscape through a combination of effluent charges, development of reusable or degradable containers, and packaging standards. Environmental Advocate Agency. The fourth item on an agenda for the 1970's must be involving the citizen in environmental decisionmaking through new mechanisms, including establishment of new channels and forums for public participation, creation of a citizen environmental' advocate agency, and creation of an environmental overview committee in Congress. As a start, industry must consult with the community on the pollution control needed to protect and enhance the environment. It must make a full disclosure of facts before, not after, the decisions are made that affect the consumer and his environment. Moratorium on Under ea Oil Production. A fifth item on an' environmental agenda for the 1970's should be the launching of a broad-scale effort to halt the pollution of our ea . Municipalities and industries must be required to halt their wholesale dumping of wastes into the ocean environment. And we should declare a moratorium on new leases or permits for oil production and other activities on the undersea Outer Continental Shelf until criteria are established for its protection. Environmental Education. The sixth item on the agenda should be the establishment of an environmental education program which will make the environment and man's relationship to it a major interdisciplinary subject at every level of public education. Tran portation £or People. As a seventh item for an environmental agenda, we must utilize the billions of dollars a year that could be made available on completion of the Interstate High"".ay System to provide new transportation alternatives, including mass transit, in our polluted, congested, highway-choked urban areas. National Land Use Policy. As an eighth item, a national policy on land use must be delineated and implemented that will halt the chaotic, unplanned combination of urban sprawl, industrial expansion, and air, water, land and visual pollution that is seriously threatening the quality of life of major regions of the Nation. A National Minerals and Resources Policy. Vital resources are already being exhausted because of our fantastic rate of consumption and our indiscriminate national waste. National Air and Water Quality Policy. A a 10th and highly important it m. America mu t tabli ha nati nal air nd water quality policy and commitm t which will r tor and nhanc th quality of these critical natural r ourc . r dirtied rivers and poi. oncd - air are dramatic evidence of the d parate n to take action on the national unpreced nted . cale. mironmental Political Acli n. Th 11th it m on an agenda for th 1970' mu t be th creation of a nonparti an national environmental political action organiza lion, with tat and local organization pro\'ldin th found lion. onclu i n ur efforts to meet a broad-ga cd agenda such a I have outlined above will requir a va t mer a. tn sp nding for environmental pr ram . At I a ·t 20 to $25 billion per , ar ov r pr .- nt expenditur i e. nlial. A major portion of this could come from e i ting ourc • of revenue by reord rin national prioriti and diverting fun to nvir nm ntal program. 'ew r ourc mu ·t al o b tapped. • tr. Pr ident, at thi · tim I intr uce, ·for appropriate r ferenc . a con t,tulional amendment to guarani ev ry per.; n th right lo a decent environment and ask unanimous ,consent that the te t of th• amendment be print d m the RE RD, at the conclu ion of my remark Tuition on the UP Tuition increa April 10, by the on pr ::; •nt t bi nnium ih db . th Open Saturdays 9 A.M. to Noon For Your Convenience American State Bank FREE CHECK/ NG ACCOUNTS TO STUDENTS AND RETIREES 8928 Sixtieth Sheet Kenosha Connie Petersen Faculty Profile: John Satre Murphy "As Iar as my phllooophy ollile goes, I thmk .t would be • good Idea il people just topped, looked around. saw what they .. ere domg. took • day oll •• nd just began 10 th.nk," says John Murphy, art u"lslruclor at Parkside. I.r. the United Stales goes. Murphy reel. , "The country must use its resources In a dtfferent direction. Just from an eceoermc standpomt this is true. The money spenl on ..·.r would be better spent on solvmg SOCial problems." Murphy continues, "People aren't John Wayn anymore. We now are in a probl m solvmg situation rather than conquering nature. Nature's been wiped out" Murphy admits to being "pessimistic> 0\1 r the outcome 01 the world." He says, "Personally I leel It'S all over now; the damage has been done, and it's not rev rsable." Murphy laved rn Los Angeles until 1958. He compleled hISBA in sculpture in 1963 at lhe Umverslty ol Washmgton, spent two years In the army, and In 1966continued hI edu ation at the Umversity 01 MonlJlna H completed his M.F.A. in cerami In 1968 and taught there during the preVIous school year. Murphy is married to Helen BIt.arI who teaches titchery, macreme end tie dyeing at KTI. Comparing the art students at Parkside to the University or Montana's art students. Murphy says, "The quality 01 student work at Parkside is equal to if not better than Montana's. The students here are dOIng some very nice things. They're working also when class isn't in session. Th.s I very important" Murphy, himself, is working with three dafferent .series. One is a series of large Record Review: sculptured bowls, the second • series of porcel.in wall plaques, and the th~a series of porcelain bowls. These aU involve the use of press molds. Murphy earlier this year showed three pieces at the Smithsonian' Institute in washington, D.C. He now is showing two pieces in the Wisconsin Designer Crafts Show, and on May 9 will be showing at the 8th Avenue Gallery in Kenosha. Murphy leels, "A student union for Parkside is a vital thing. Because the three campuses cut us up, a student government also is needed. These are absolutely necessary at this point to give the student a leeling 01 unity." Although he thinks thai "there is apathy," he says, "The students that Ideaj with show no apathy. There is a good atmosphere here because everyone works together." Murphy commented that "there has been an attempt to reach agreement on temporary display space for art work at Greenquist Hall. This involves planning people, the art slJlf/ and the lecture line arts committee." Murphy has "hopes 01 expanding the ceramics area" of art at Parkside. He is interested in teaching the raku method of firing a piece. ThiS is an oriental process in which the piece is Iired once with. lead glaze; it is immediately removed from the fire just as the glaze melts, and then it is smoked. In commenting in the Kinetic Arts mm series, Murphy spoke 01 the lack 01 sensitivity shown by many viewers. He said, "Sensitivity comes only through exposure. More exposure to art mak;es people more aware. Films are becoming a major area of communication~ peoplt have to learn to understand them." By Dick Fromming If you have an insatiable appetite for uniqueness and creativity in the music you buy, and if this hunger, like mine, is so suong that you would run out .nd bUy a whole album for just one or two cuts, then Deviants No. 3 by the Deviants, on the SIRE label, will assuredly appealy to you. Although on the whole, lhe album sound much like the genisis of the Ftigs, along with the of/-tune nasal singing, the poor attempts at harmony and the inferior balance between instruments and voices, two ralher short tunes stand out from the rest because of their sheer artistic creativity The hrslol these, "Black George Does II With His Tongue,'" is a true gem. Beginning with a stirring "circus drum roll", as though someone was to be shot out ol a cannon, "Black George" IJIkes ofl,s"'ing a drum solo! While not actu.lly singmg any particular notes, the pitch, volume. and timbre of his voice suggest the dlrlerent sounds 01the snare ((da-tdaId.ll. the cymbals t ctrh-h-h), and the various toms (phop-pbop). Toadd a note 01 hilarity tohis "solo", he uses the technique or onomatopoeia and Ilflmes some of the pieces as he "hits" them; "ka-cymbal, kacymbal, bass, bass. bass," etc. The surprising aspect of this cut is that any drummer. or non-drummer for that matter. could imagine he was hearing a. true drum solo. The second "masterpiece" is an even shorler, one-stanza tune called "The Junio! _Narco Rangers". in which the Deviants mockingly state. "All, we oniy got one question, an' we wanna know .. :.. and the following comes out as a collage of voices, all chanting en masse, "Where's the dope, where's the dope," etc. Relevant, no? Their instrumentation isn't exactly B.S.&T, and their vocal work falls rather shorl 01 3 Dog Nigh~ but their ideas are .esthetically beautilul .nd not too unlike those 01 the High Priest of Musical Absurdity, Fr.nk zappa. Parkslde Student Needs Your Help Frank Germinaro. Parkside student had a kIdney transplant on March 11. Mrs: Germmaro sald that Frank is doing well and Will probably be in the hospital six to eIght weeks. Edlth Isenberg, Parkside's acting nurse, was asked by the Germinaro lamily to request students to donate blood tFourteen pints were required fo~ Frankie's operation.) Blood can be donated to either the Racine or Kenosha hospl.1 However, Mrs. Isenberg asks that interested students contact her belorehand - the reason being that Frank only needs lourteen pints ol blood to cover what he has used. Also Important to Frank is receivillll Iellers Irom hasIellow students. Obviously, tight weeks Is a 10lllltime to spend in a Iuptal. His address is Frank Germinaro Milwaukee County Hospital, 7 West. ' More about Frankie. He has had kidney problema since early childhood; his lint operation performed when he was only el&ht.... months old. As a child he allended an orthupedic school. He graduated Irom Bradlord and then entered Parkside as a music major. As a freshman, he was prevented from carrying a fuU load because or spending two days a week undergoing treatment with an artificial kidney. Frank is not alone with his kidney problem. A kidney in/ection can allecl anyone al any age. About 140 people developed kidney trouble last year when there was no indication of such an affliction in their past . An artificial kidney can be used to'help In three ways: one, cases of acute kidney failure when the organ ceases to runction as a result 01 disease or injury; two, chronIC kidney ladure in which disease slowly destroys kidneys over a period 01 years;. and three, poisoning cases in which the kIdneys cannot remove dnlgs or chemicals quickly enough to avoid death or permanent damage to vital organs. Through use ol the artificial kidney machine, patients who are candidates lor a transplant can be kept alive until a donor is available. A member of the art faculty at th University of Wisconsin-Parkside, Jo~ saIre Murphy, will be represented' in the wisconsm DeSigner-Craftsman Show March 26 through April 26 at th Milwaukee Art Center. Mtirphy. wil~ display a sculptured bowl and a procela; wall plaque. n Murphy and his wile, Helen Bitar also will have a joint show on three weekend . from \I a.m. to s p.m. beginning May 9 a~ 10 at the Eighth Avenue Gallery . Kenosha. Murphy will show a series I~ procelain pieces accented in gold. His w·~ will be represented by stitchery, macra~: and tie-dye. Both Murphy and his wile are altimni f the University of Montana and we~ represented in the Montana Craftsmae Exqibit earlier this year atthn Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C~ Movie Review: WOODSTOCK I came upon a child of God He was walking along the road And I asked him, where are you going And this he told me I'm going down to Yasgur's farm I'm going to join in a rock 'n roll band I'm going to camp out on the land And try an' get my soul free (CPS) _ "Woodstock", the movie, is the most pleasant documentary you could ever hope to see. The three hours of eight track stereo music and color cinematography of 400,000 or more young people living tbe life style they have crusaded lor goes by laster than just about any three hours I've ever spent in a movie house. The highest compliment that can be paid to the makers 01the film is that they have captured the spirit and the history of the Woodstock festival of art, peace and music very accurately. The film-makers obviously knew they were witnessing something historic, something that w.ould make a big·demand movie after it was over. They went about their work_ very professionally; that is, Ihe technical flaws of most documentaries, including Woodstock's father-flick "Monterey Pop':, are missing. The music track, for example is perfect. "Woodstock" concentrates on the music and the performers. and since the music is the constitution and bill of rights of the revolution that Woodstock represented, it is an appropriate approach. There could have been a heavier accent on'the life style which has partially grown out of the music and perhaps more footage of the free food lines, hospital volunteers and methods of survival employed during the torrents of rain that proved to be the ultimate test of the strength of Woodstock as a nation. But it was all there, at least in brief visions. The Hog Farm food lines, the help.fuI townspeople. the communal batlung, the dope sharing, the love making and the excitement of people who knew they were part of something dynamic shared the screen with the musicians. + + + Then can I walk beside you I have come here to lose the smog And I f~~to.be a cog in something turning Maybe It s Just the time of year Or maybe it's the time of man I don't know who I am But life is for learning + + + It's just that there could have been ~ore. Three hours, as long as that may be m terms.of the lengths of most film is not enough tIme to do the Woodstock festival's :.1 hours ,~ustice. One method the Woodstock. editors used to summarize the 72 hours 10 three is the split screen While an in.terviewer on one-half o'f the screen queslI.~ns individuals about sex,' drugs, the ram or their spirits the oth half of the screen pans over·the'mammo~ ~OWd. focuses on a couple Undressing in . e wOCKl5.or settles on campers pl~ing· ~':r0bdrums .. The double screen work; , ut the use 01 triple screen eflect overdoes it It's diflicult to lollow tbe action du . the th..... · . nng rmg CirCUS moments and the onI~ benefit the predominantiy stoned audience can get from the tn'pI . som ·ood· e screen IS . e g light·movemenl eflects whe slllllie musician is studied Iro u: a perspeetlves at once. m ee ImThe. liIm successlully uses superPOSIng, black-outs and partial black wts and frequently lies them to an eff",,! in the music. But even without the Special ellects, "Woodstock" would be a special movie because of its case of hundreds of thousands who behave as honestly and beautllully as roles have ever been performed. + + + By the time we got to Woodstock We were half a million strong And everywhere there was song and celebration And I dreamed I saw the bombers Riding shotgun in the sky And they were turning into butterflies Above our na tion + + + . The only question of reporting accuracy ill the film is the minimization of the effects of the rain. Althotigh the film shows the excitement 01 the rapidly approaching storm as it took 400,000 persons by surprise, the frustra tion the rain caused som.e of those caught in it, and the fun it turned into once people accepted it, most of the film deals with the dry and sunny periods when everything was more obviously beautiful. The original Woodstock wa~ a little more soggy. As for the music, Joan Baez is vocally perfect, RichieHavens is totally invnlved, John Sebastian is your best friend, Jne Cocker is a show stopper. Sha Na Na isa riot, Janis Joplin is missing, Crosby,Stills and Nash are overwhelmed, CountryJoe and the Fish are arousing and Mimi Hendrix is shows topping as he belts out the Star Spangled Banner in his "Purple Haze" style to the delight 01the masse;· The photography of the musicians at work is excellert with attention paid to the details of the performers' styles. Finally the ultimate message i'Woodstotk" leaves its satisfied audience with is, as Arlo Guthrie puts it. 'Iff it happened at Woodstock, why shouldn'til happen again?" + + .+ We are stardust We are golden And we've got to get ourselves Back to the Garden . . eUi (Lyrics bv Jom Milch NOW T'S THE Chaparral' FOR YOUNG ADULfS Under New Manall8nl8l1t TOP BEER BOTTLE BEER SOC PITCHERS $1,70 OPEN MON IhN ...~ 7:30 P,M.• 12:45 A SUNDAY 2 P.H .• 12:45 AllNEWLY REMODELED 2 Miles South of HighwaY110 West Frontage Road of 1.84 Connie Petersen Faculty Profile: John Satre Murphy St'.lllptured bowls, the second a ser~es of porcelain wall plaques, and the ~ a eries of porceJain bowls. These all mvolve the use of press 111olds. Murphy earlier this year howed three pieces at the mithsonian·Institute in Washington, D.C. He no"' i howing two pieces in the Wi consin Designer Crafts Show, and on . tay 9 will be showing at the 8th Avenue Gallery in Keno ha. ~urphy feels, "A student union for Park ide is a vital thing. Because the three campu cut us up, a student government also i needed. These are absolutely necessary at thi point to give the student a feeling or unity." Although he thinks thaf " th re is apathy," he says, "The students that I de.uwith show no apathy. There is a good atmosphere here because everyone work together." turphy commented that " there has be n an attempt to reach agreement on temporary di play space for art work at Gr nqui t Hall. This involves planning people, the art staff and the lecture fine ar committee." 1urphy has " hopes of expanding the ceramics area" of art at Parkside. He is inter ted in teaching the raku m~thod of firing a piece. This is an oriental process in which the piece is fired once with a lead glaze; it is immediately removed from the fire Just as the glaze melts, and then it is rooked. In commenting in the Kinetic Arts film seri , Murphy spoke of the lack of sen itivity shown by many viewers. He said, "Sensitivity comes only through exposure. More exposure to art ma~es people more aware. Films are becoming a major area of communication; peoplt.. have to learn to understand them." Record Review: Sy Dick Fromming George Does It various toms Cpbop-pbop). To add a note of hilarity to his " solo", he uses the technique of onomatopoeia and names some of the pieces as he " hits" them; " ka-cymbal, kacymbal, bass, bass, bass," etc. The surprising aspect of this cut is that any drummer, or non-drummer for that matter, could imagine he was hearing a . true drum solo. The second " masterpiece" is an even shorter, one-stanza tune called " The Junior _Narco Rangers", in which the Deviants m~ingly state, "Ah, we only got one question, an' we wanna know .. : · an~ the following comes out as a co11age of voices, all chanting en masse, "Where's the dope, where's the dope," etc. Relevant, no? Their instrumentation isn' t exactly B.S.&T, and their vocal work rans rather short of 3 Dog Night, but their ideas are aesthetically beautiful and not too unlike those of the High Priest of Musical Absurdity, Frank Zappa. Parkside Student N eds Your Help tudent, graduated from Bradford and then entered Parkside as a music major. As a freshman , he was prevented from carrying a full load because of spending two days a week undergoing treatment with an artificial kidney. Frank is not alone with his kidney problem. A kidney infection can affect anyone at any age. About 140 people developed kidney trouble last year when there was no indication of such an affliction in their pasl . An artificial kidney can be used to "help m three ways: one, cases of acute kidney failure when the organ ceases to function as a . res~lt of di~se or injury; two, cru:0r11c kidney fatlure in which disease slowly destroys kidneys over a period of years; and three, poisoning cases in which the kidneys cannot remove drugs or chemicals quickly enough to avoid death or permanent damage to vital organs. Thr~gh ~ of the artificial kidney machine, patients who are candidates for a transplant can be kept alive until a donor is available. ~ me!11ber of . the 11:rt faculty at the Uruvers1ty of W1sconsm-Parkside , John Satre M~rphy, "'.ill be ~epresented' in the Wisconsin Designer-Craftsman Sbo\\ March 26 through April 26 at th Milwaukee Art Center. Murphy wu1 display a sculptured bowl and a procelain wall plaque. Murphy and his wife, Helen Bitar als will have a joint show on three weekend 0 from 11 a.m. to 5 p.m. beginning May 9 a~ 10 at the Eighth Avenue Gallery . Kenosha. Murphy will show a series ~ procelain pi_eces accented in gold. His wJe will be represented by stitchery, macrame and tie-dye. Both Murphy and his wife are alumni of the University of Montana and wer represented in the Montana Craftsma: Ex?ibit . earli~r . this year atthe Sm1tl)soruan Institution, Washington, n.c. Movie Review: WOODSTOCK I came upon a child of God He was walking along the road And I asked hii:n, where are you going And this he told me I'm going down to Yasgur's farm I'm going to join in a rock 'n roll band I'm going to camp out on the Jarid And try an' get my soul free (CPS) - "Woodstock", the movie, is the most pleasant documentary you could ever hope to see. The three hours of eight track stereo music and color cinematography of 400,000 or more young people living the life style they have crusaded for goes by faster than just about any three hours I've ever spent in a movie house. The highest compliment that can be paid to the makers of the film is that they have captured the spirit and the history of the Woodstock festival of art, peace and music very accurately. The film-makers obviously knew they were ~itnessing something historic, something that would make a big-demand movie after it was over. They went about their work. very professiona11y; that is, the technical flaws of most documentaries, inclu~ing Woodstock's father-flick "Monterey Pop", are missing. The music track, for example is perfect. "Woodstock" concentrates on the music and the performers, and since the music isthe constitution and bill of rights of the revolution that Woodstock represented, it is an appropriate approach. There could have been a heavier accent on the life style which has partially grown out of the music and perhaps more footage of the free food lines, hospital volunteers and methods of survival etnployed during the torrents of rain that proved to be the ultimate test of the strength of Woodstock as a nation. But it was all there, at least in brief visions. The Hog Farm food lines, the helpful townspeople, the communal bathing, the dope sharing, the love making and the excitement of people who knew they were part of something dynamic shared the screen with the musicians. + + + Then can I walk beside you I have come here to lose the smog And I f~! to_ be a cog in something turning Maybe 1t s Just the time of year Or maybe it's the time of man I don't know who I am But life is for learning + + + It's just that there could have been ~ore. Three hours, as long as that may be m terms_of the lengths of most film is not enough time to do the Woodstock festival's 72 hours justice. One method the "Woodstock'. ' editors used to summarize the 72 hours m three is the split screen While an in_terviewer on one-half ~f the screen questi_ons individuals about sex, drugs, the ram or their spirits the othe half of the screen pans over·the'mammo~ crowd, focuses on a couple undressing in -:e woods. or settles on campers pl~ing. ngo drums._ ~e double screen works· well, but the use of triple screen effect overdoes it. It's difficult to follow the action during :I three-r~ng circus moments, attd the }'. benefit the predominantly stoned audience c~ get from the triple screen is 8?'11e good light-movement effects whe smgle ~usician is studied from 0: a perspeetives at once. ee imThe_ film successfully uses superposmg, black-outs and partial blackouts and frequently ties them to an efft!!!t in the music. But even without the special effects, "Woodstock" would be a special movie because of its case of hundreds or thousands who behave as honestly and beautifully as roles have ever been performed. + + + By the time we got to Woodstock We were half a million strong And everywhere there was song and celebration And I dreamed I saw the bombers Riding shotgun in the sky And they were turning into butterflies Above our nation + + + . The only question of reporting accuracy in the film is the minimization of the effects of the rain. Although the film shows the excitement of the rapidly approaching storm as it took 400,000 persons by surprise, the frustration the rain caused som_e of those caught in it, and the fun it turned into once people accepted it, most of the film deals with the dry and sunny periods when everything was more obviously beautiful. The original Woodstock wa~ a little more soggy. As for the music, Joan Baez is vocally perfect, Richie.Havens is totally involved, John Sebastian is your best friend, Joe Cocker is a show stopper. Sha Na Na is a riot, Janis Joplin is missing, Crosby, Stills and Nash are overwhelmed, Country Joe and the Fish are arousing and Mimi Hendrix is shows topping as he belts out the Star Spangled Banner in his "Purple Haze" style to the delight of the masses. The photography of the musicians at work is excellep.t with attention paid to the details of the performers' styles. Finally, the ultimate message ''Woodstock" leaves its satisfied audience with is, as Ario Guthrie puts it, "li it happened at Woodstock, why shouldn't it happen again?" + + + We are stardust We are golden And we've got to get ourselves Back to the Garden . . elll (Lyrics bv Joni Mitch NOW T'S THE Chaparral · FOR YOUNG ADULTS Under New Manaaeme11t TOP BEER BOTTLE BEER 50c PITCHERS $1.70 OPEN MON thru S,A: 7:30 P.M. - 12:45 A SUNDAY 2 P.11. - 12:45 A. NEWLY REMODELED · 2 Miles South of Highwaf SO West Froablge Road of 1-H_ SPORTTIMES by Vic Godfrey Freshman Don Knaach continues to lead Parkside's minute track squad. Knaach ~ scored two wins in the mile (4:31.2) and ~ (2:03.1> in a triangular at Whitewater State. His times were good considering a track 'that was under water. . Despite the fact that the Rangers had only five men, they scored four firsts. Freshman vaulter had the vault won at 11 '6 and decided not to continue due to the dangerous conditions. Another freshman, Skip Jones, grabbed his first collegiate victory with a great effort in the 440 (53.0. Other points came from Jones' third in the 220,Mike DeWitt's third in the three mile and Chris Andacht with a fourth in the high hurdles. + + + The Ranger XC squad will be bolstered next fall with the signing of two outstanding runners to athletic letters of intent. Tim McGilsky, the Wisconsin Independent Schools champion from Racine 81. Catherine, signed several weeks ago. Jerry Hutchinson, a veteran cross country runner from the Kettering Striders of Dayton, Ohio, also will enroll in the fall, Hutchinson's specialty is XC, 3- mile and s-mtle. On the feminine side, Judy Zimmerman, one of America's best high school 440 and 880 runners from West Allis, has been accepted at Parkside. Zimmerman and Mary Libal will give Parkside the start of a great middle distance relay team. Both have Olympic aspirations. Mary Libal is temporarily out of action with an injured foot, but hopes to be back in action soon. + + + John Hanzalik and Clark Anderson have advanced to the national finals in their bids for berths on the United States entries in the World Games this summer at Turin, Italy. Hanzalik won the Midwest tryouts in the epee with a 15·0 record with teammate Anderson in second with a 6-1 record. Anderson didn't have to fence in the prelims due to his win in the Great Lakes Open. The finals will be April 26 at Notre Dame University. There will be 20 fencers in each weapon with the top four qualifying for the World Games. + + + Rangers weight lifters will be resuming action shortly, Several will be competing in the Wisconsin Novice a t the end of this month in Madison. Six lifters have qualified for the 1970 National Collegiate Powerlifting Championships at East Lansing-Michigan State University May 8 and 9. Those who have qualified include: Mark Granger (123),Jim Shuemate (148), Joe Sielski and Jim Ballard (165), and Tom Yore at 181. Leonard Palmer, a standout super heavyweight has dropped out of school. + + + Parkside bowlers had an opportunity to find out what it's like to bowl against national champions. The Rangers bowled in an NAIA roll-off against Wisconsin State University-LaCrosse. LaCrosse bowls in a regular collegiate conference and gave good indication why they have been national champions. Their top four fowlers all finished with a 200· plus average. Dave Rattle led all Ranger bowlers with ~ 190 ~verage, followed by Nick Perrine a~d MIke Jenrette with averages in the mid 180s. Greg Hansen had the high game With a 226. Other parkside bowlers were Mike Fechner and Ray Meissner. + + + An English cross-country eace will be held at Parkside for all faculty, staff and students on May 14 at 4 p.m. English xc cannotes running over a rough surface, ie. woods, streams and tall grass. There will be two divisions for faculty, one for the men students and one for the women faculty and one for the women students. Two people will comprise a team and the race will be run in relay fashion. Those who plan to enter should contact Vic Godfrey, Office of Athletics, as soon as possible. as competitors should follow a preliminary training schedule. + + + Parkside has heen awarded the 1970 United States Track and Field Federation National championships in Women's cross country and the Master's Men (over 40>- November 7th has been set as the date. Also on that date will he the Men's MidAmerican championships with the distance set at six miles. A three mile Wisconsin stale federation championship will be held for high school boys and the Wisconsin Junior High championships set for 1.5 miles. + + + FUll-time students at Parkside are invited to enter the 1970 National Collegiate Individual Match Games Championship in BOWling.The qualifying rounds will be held in Chicago May 2, 3, 8 and 9. The semi-finals are May 9 and the finals the next day. The national finals will be held in New York in mid-May. The regional winners will receive all expenses paid. There is an $8 entry fee for the qualifying tournament. For more complete information contact the Office of Athletics. + + + Two Parkside students recently placed in a Judo tournament in Chicago. David Prochinak finished third in the weight division and Don Scott was third in the light weight class. Parkside Judo coach, Mr. Suh, has been busy attending two national judo championships. He was a featured demonstrator and judge at the National Collegiate Championships at ' Michigan state and then was invited to officiate at the Senior National AAU championships in Los Angeles where he was one of the final judges. There will be a Parkside Intramural Judo championship for men and women in May. Plans are also being made to attend a tournament in Chicago shortly after that. + + + Bill Benkstein capped off a successful season by placing second in his class in .the recent Wisconsin AAU wrestling championships in Milwaukee. + + jRanger wrestling boss, Vern Mar~t;lez, recently resigned from that position, although he is retaining his position as Director of Auxiliary Enterprises. A too demanding job requirement as a.n administrator was the reason for hIS wrestling resignation. t~e pa,kside stuoent aSSOCiation announces, A Spring Dinner Dance Semi Formal Event COin""' gleve 'iJ!au"" 'J'iO K30 coat: $15.00 per couple sa.oc reduction per student associadon member In:f'ormation And Beservations At The Student BDl. 235 Tallent Hall Deadline April 29 Activit!e. OUlce 400 Jailed Overseas Jbes of marco DANCE'AND CONCERT April 30, 7.30 - JJ.30 P.M. CARTHAGE COLLEGE FIELD HOUSE $2 i. advance $2.50 at door (CPS) - More than 400 young Americans are now in jail overseas for drug violations, says the State Department, which is urging youth "not necessarily to stop using drugs, but to realize the consequences of gelling caught" The figures, annoonced by Mrs. Barbara Watson, Administrator of Security of Consular Affam, sbow that the number of Americans in jail overseas on dope charges jumped from 142 in March, 1969, to 404 in March of this year. All tbose in jail are hetween 16 and 30 years of age. Leading the list of countries in imprisoning American youth are Mexico with 119, Spain, 48; France, 26, Britain, 23, Italy 19 and Japan, 18, More than 25 countries now have at least one American doper locked up, Mrs. Watson said she was releasing the figures to warn young Americans "There is really very little the government can do for you." She said that while a consular official will visit a prisoner and arrange for help from home, the government will not get him a lawyer. For Ute benefit of TV newsmen, the Slate Department provided lots of dope for the cameras, although all of it had been confiscated inside the country, and therefore didn't have much to do with the problem heing discussed, Included were several bottles of various grades of marijuana, a key of Mexican grass, two soles (one pound slabs) of hash, an opium poppy, and assorted aides to doping. "These kids are really very clever:' said Mrs. Watson while telling of the ruses they used to smuggle drugs. She showed a bar of soap with the middle cut ooL It had Several outstanding .applicants have been screened by Athletic Director Tom Rosandich and his staff. An announcement as to the new mat head will be made shortly. + + + Parkside's women's track team will open their season at Wisconsin State University-LaCrosse May 3, They also will compete in meets at Southern Illinois University-Edwardsville, lliinois State University and the national championships at the University of Illinois in late May. + + + Russ Coley has assumed duties as assistant Athletic Director at Parkside. Coley comes to Parkside from AllAmertcan camps 'in New York. Prior to that he was a successful high school coach in Wisconsin, coaching several Wisconsin State high school championship teams. , eMay 1st 1970 eMapQec,est Cwnlly CQUb - 8{enosha gociaQ 'iJ!ou, 7,30 CQancin9 to ·t~e eM-uSic o! tThe been used after slashing the dope, thereby hiding the cut which had been made. Many Americans are turned in by the person who sold them the dope, Mrs. Watson said. This nets the pusher a reward and keeps him in good with the police, Ninety-nine per cent of the arrests are for marijuana or hash. She said that many youUts think other countries allow violation of their laws, "but Chat simply isn't so." Sentences for Americans range up to three years for possession and up to 15 years for selling. Possession of more than hall a key normally is considered proof of intent to sell. In order to impress upon young Americans the gravity of the fate awaiting them should they violate the dope laws. the State Department offered the follOWIng examples: . • A naive experiment in marijuana smoking by a newleywed couple who woond up a picnic on a Caribbean beach by smoking dope, turned into a nightmare of arrest and imprisonmenL They are still m a foreign jail awaiting trial three months after their arrest. • An American coed traveling in Europe to tour the art centers went to jail for 212 years on a posses ion charge. • A U. S. college student on a summer vacation ina Middle Eastern country accepted from a friend a gifl of a half gram of hashish which he carried in his pocket for several days, intending some time to try it He was stopped by police and arrested after a search in which the minute amount of hashish was found on him. He was sentenced to 212 years In prison. An appeal was denied • A graduate student leaching art in a Near Eastern country was given some hashish by an acquaintance. ot interested in consuming the hashish, she decided as a joke to use it in a collage on a card she was sending to a friend. Local postal authorities recognized it. and she was jailed in an unheated and unlighted sell with several disrepulable local prisoners. The young American spent several months in prison beJore she was released on bail, • A zz-vear-ctd American studying abroad was arrested in Europe and held without bail for carrying a small amount of hashish for a friend. In spite of her previous background, which was impeccable, the court ruled that she wa guilty of trafficking 10 drugs. • An attempt by a young American to smuggle 5'. pounds of hashish IOtOan East European country led to a five-year sentence at a work camp SPORT TIMES by Vic Godfrey Freshman Don Knaach continues to lead Parkside's minute track squad. Knaach scored two wins in the mile (4:31.2) and~ (2:03.1) in a triangular at Whitewater state. His times were good considering a track· that was under water. Despite the fact that the Rangers had only five men, they scored four firsts. Freshman vaulter had the vault won at 11 '6 and decided not to continue due to the dangerous conditions. Another freshman, Skip Jones, grabbed his first collegiate victory with a great effort in the 440 (53.1). Other points came from Jones' third in the 220, Mike DeWitt's third in the three mile and Chris Andacht with a fourth in the high hurdles. + + + The Ranger XC squad will be bolstered next fall with the signing of two outstanding runners to athletic letters of intent. Tim McGilsky, the Wisconsin Independent Schools champion from Racine St. Catherine, signed several weeks ago. Jerry Hutchinson, a vete_ran cross country runner from the Kettering Striders of Dayton, Ohio, also will enroll in the fall. Hutchinson's specialty is XC, 3- mile and 6-mile. On the feminine side, Judy Zimmerman, one of America's best high school 440 and 880 runners from West Allis, has been accepted at Parkside. Zimmerman and Mary Libal will give Parkside the start of a great middle distance relay team. Both have Olympic aspirations. Mary Libal is temporarily out of action with an injured foot, but hopes to be back in action soon. + + + John Hanzalik and Clark Anderson have advanced to the national finals in their bids for berths on the United States entries in the World Games this summer at Turin, Italy. . Hanzalik won the Midwest tryouts in the epee with a 15-0 record with teammate Anderson in second with a 6-1 record. Anderson didn't have to fence in the prelims due to his win in the Great Lakes Open. The finals will be April 26 at Notre Dame University. There will be 20 fencers in each weapon with the top four qualifying for the World Games. + + + Rangers weight lifters will be resuming action shortly. Several will be competing in the Wisconsin Novice at the end of this month in Madison. Six lifters have qualified for the 1970 National Collegiate Powerlifting Championships at East Lansing-Michigan State University May 8 and 9. Those who have qualified include: Mark Granger (123), Jim Shuemate (148), Joe Sielski and Jim Ballard (165), and Tom Yore at 181. Leonard Palmer, a standout super heavyweight has dropped out of school. + + + Parkside bowlers had an opportunity to find out what it's like to bowl against national champions. The Rangers bowled in an NAIA roll-off against Wisconsin State University-LaCrosse. Lacrosse bowls in a regular collegiate conference and gave good indication why they have been national champions. Their top four oowlers all finished with a 200 plus average. Dave Rattle led all Ranger bowlers with a 190 ~verage, followed by Nick Perrine a~d Mike Jenrette with averages in the m_1d 180s. Greg Hansen had the high game with a 226. Other parkside bowlers were Mike Fechner and Ray Meissner. + + + An English cross-country -race will be held at Parkside for all faculty, staff and students on May 14 at 4 p.m. English XC cannotes running over a rough surface, ie. woods, streams and tall grass. There will be two divisions for faculty, one for the men students and one for the women faculty and one for the women students. Two people will comprise a team and the race will be run in relay fashion. Those who plan to enter should contact Vic G;odfrey, Office of Athletics, as soon as possible. as competitors should follow a preliminary training schedule. + + + Parkside has been awarded the 1970 United States Track and Field Federation National championships in Women's cross country and the Master's Men (over 40). November 7th has been set as the date. Also on that date will be the Men's MidAmerican championships with the distance set at six miles. A three mile Wisconsin state federation championship will be held for high school boys and the Wisconsin Junior High championships set for 1.5 miles. + + + Full-time students at Parkside are invited to enter the 1970 National Collegiate Individual Match Games Championship in Bowling. The qualifying rounds will be held in Chicago May 2, 3, 8 and 9. The semi-finals are May 9 and the finals the next day. The national finals will be held in New York in mid-May. The regional winners will receive all expenses paid. There is an $8 entry fee for the qualifying tournament. For more complete information contact the Office of Athletics. + + + Two Parkside students recently placed in a Judo tournament in Chicago. David Prochinak finished third in the weight division and Don Scott was third in the light weight class. Parkside Judo coach, Mr. Suh, has been busy attending two national judo championships. He was a feat~red demonstrator and judge at the National Collegiate Championships at Michigan state and then was invited to officiate at the Senior National AAU championships in Los Angeles where he was one of the final judges. There will be a Parkside Intramural Judo championship for men and women in May. Plans are also being made to attend a tournament in Chicago shortly after that. + + + Bill Benkstein capped off a successful season by placing second in his class in _the recent Wisconsin AAU wrestling championships in Milwaukee. + + jRanger wrestling boss, Vern Mar~~ez, recently resigned from ~at ~s1tion, although he is retaining his position as Director of Auxiliary Enterprises. A too demanding job requirement as an administrator was the reason for his wrestling resignation. A Spring Dinner Dance Semi Formal Event Ji{ay 1st 1970 JfopQeC/!est Co.i11t/iy Cfub - 8<.e11oslta _gociaQ <J;louft 7:go C[)11111e1c 8:go CQa11ci119 to the JA-usic o~ ffie gteve <J;lauelc V~io coat: 1915.00 per couple 192.00 reduction per student aaaociadon member Information And Reservations At The Student AcUviUea Office Rm. 235 Tallent Hall Deadline April 29 400 Jailed Overseas (CPS> - More than 400 young Americans are now in jail overseas for drug violations, says the Slate Department, which is urging youth "not necessarily to stop using drugs, but lo realize the consequences of getting caught." The figures, announced by 1rs. Barbara Watson, Administrator of Security of Consular Affairs, show that the number of Americans in jail overseas on dope charges jumped from 142 in 1arch, 1969, to 404 in March of this year. All tho e in jail are between 16 and 30 years of age. Leading the list of countries in imprisoning American youth are , iexico with 119, Spain, 48; France, 26, Britain, 23, Italy 19 and Japan, 18. fore than 25 countries now have at least one American doper locked up. Mrs. Watson said she was releasing the figures to warn young American "There is really very little the government can do for you." She said that while a consular official will visit a prisoner and arrange for help from home, the government will not get him a lawyer. For the benefit of TV ne.,.,-smen, the State Department provided lots of dope for the cameras, although all of it had been confiscated inside the country, and therefore didn't have much to do with the problem being discussed. Included were several bottles of various grades of marijuana, a key of Mexican grass, two soles (one pound slabs) of hash, an opium poppy, and assorted aide; to doping. "These kids are really very clever," said Mrs. Watson while telling of the ruses they used to smuggle drugs. She showed a bar of soap with the middle cut out. It had Several outstanding .applicants have been screened by Athletic Director Tom Rosandich and his staff. An announcement as to the new mat head will be made shortly. + + + Parkside's women's track team will open their season at Wisconsin State University-Lacrosse May 3. They also will compete in meets at Southern Illinoi University-Edwardsville, Illinois State University and the national championships at the University of Illinois in late May. + + + Russ Coley has assumed duties as assistant Athletic Director at Parkside. Coley comes to Parkside from All· <\merican camps•in New York. Prior to that he was a successful high school coach in Wisconsin, coaching several Wisconsin State high school championship teams. nu ed aft r lac hi hiding th cut which h d 1any Americans ar Jb£6 of march DANCE. AND CONCERT m April 30, 7.30 - 11.30 P.M. CARTHAGE COLLEGE FIELD HOUSE $2 in advance $2.50 at door he Politics of Environment II OO~'GLaFOUETTE I do noc plan to spend hme ahng lriablftu lal IIcS on whal e are doUlg loourftllr_nt You know, and Iknow "''''llll. ri&l>1 now to dr w one c""dus,on: M\ to rr. our tOW'R. and we 10 do II Ionce But r r ha.. only piecemeal JlI1ICI'1Irns and emply pohhCa! rbel";c I don'llhinIt I Im I of the pOhlK:WlSand ho are jumplng on the n\lfOQm ntal bandwI.on ha ve the aIillb~PSI,de I tlwy are g lllng into I don'lth •• t Y hae I I 10 Ire llO.ng 10 lundammtal chances,n the values d. <DUnll') Idon'l thlDk tlwy rahze thaI young people INs I long Ind II ,,... prolound chang ,n what c<>UDtry I I They s,,"ply don'l ha • t to t.. mean by aavlle the ,"lr(1ft111C'nl 11wy Much 01 the money wenl lor the purchase and spraying OIlloresls and crops d. ~genl o..lDI", a powerful lM!rbicide COIltauung 2.4,r>-T,which bas been shown 10 produce blrth defecls in test animals. We have c1Imped deloliants 011 Vietnam al the rate d. 10.000 pounds a month, blackenUlg ID a single year 6,600 square miles - an ~rea lbout the size d. the state d. ConnecUcuL We caMOl pretend 10be concerned with the environment cllhis or any other nation as long as we continue the war in Vietnam _ or enter a similar war in Laos or elsewhere. But even if the war were over tomorrow. Amenc8 would still be kiIIin& this planeL This country's peacelul pursuits are hornfyilll - ''''''' d.f·s!iore oil drilling to SST 10 enormous nuclear lesl blasts, projocl sangw"" Ind DDT. A mad pursuit d. material desires and higher profits is pushing our eeo-system .... rlh.. Ilr pul the hmil At the presenl rite, we can well pollute and popuIale ourwlV5 oul d. business by the end d. the <:eltury Too oIten p<>1itCI I and business ,.. tiluhons 5ea11 inberenUy obhvious 10 thellct thaI some d. us wanllo tive in this COUJltry :10 y.. rs '""" now. Those inshlUhons had belter recognize thallac~ and soon We don'l have much time. We caMOl Ilford 10 give them much time. Humans, like all animals, display a remlrkable capacily lor adjusling t.bern.selves to their environment even as it decays Iround them. That is what the adull world has dOOle.Bul we now bave a whole generltion d. young people under 30, 1 mllliOll strong, who ha"e the insight and precephon 10 IooIt around and appra>se the s.tuation objectively, 11>0)' ha ..-e louDd it appalhDl( And whaf~S more. they have S81d, "1.0<* - the emperor ha, no clothes on" 11>eyoung bave been rebelling against an immoral war, an unjust social system, and a mtsdtrected culture; now they are massing against the polluted environment as well. We ha,'e chosen April 22 - EARTH DAY _ IS the symbol d a time when a group of people, m06Uy young, begin 10 stand up and say NO. 0 to many lunda mental goals 01 the pasl We must remember that a focus on one """""rn does not mean a neglect 01 !be others. We are able to seek more than one goal at a time, 11>osed. us who bave 10U&bt against the war will conbnue to 00 so until it is ended; those who have sought racial justice will not be salisifed unlil it is realized. We are beginning a struggle - not only againsl the vested .interests d. the giant corporltions, not ooIy against the paid-oll senility of our Coogress, not ooIy against the "Strangeloves" in the Pentagon. Survival demands something more. Man'~ continued survival demands an ecologically-balanced planet - and this condition is at odds with most of the value: and assumptions ~ Western civilization. We must challenge not ooIy !be misfit pieces but the whole. 11>ere should be a lull and impartial study or the enviroomental eflects 01every major governmental nr industrial project thaI will aflect the eco-system 01 the country - belore it is undertaken, nol after it is loo late. II we are to make wise decisions. we have to know what we are doing to our environment - whether by blasUng, building or marketing new products - 10prove tbat it is ecologically sound. Some interests in this country will resist the idea that we must actively protect other people and luture generations, and noljust present profits. But a movement is building in this country that will not stand lor more 01 the step-by-step, reckless decisions that dumped sewage in our air and water, got and keep us in Vietrnan, and neglected to give all people in this country a deceit standard 01living. It is a movement that will question the personal • QUALITY • SATISFACTION • SAVINGS ALWAYS fM You and YOUI' Car Bill'S DEEP ROCK SERVICE STATION 2305 Racine 634-9328 ACTIVISM MOVING J TOWARDS TEACH-IN divide the ecology movement. (CPS) - Student adiviS~rd ~~ Some activists believe the basic causes environmental issues l~mOVingu: with of environmental proble~s are scienti(jc first national teach-in - lac. I _ popillation growth that is out of control, disagreements over tac,tics and ideo o~ the misuse of technology, and pollution 01 which threaten to divide um the same w.,;; air and water. Control population, change as earlier student movements ~on~em the way technology is used, and get ith the war in Vietnam and racial ISSUes. industry to stop polluting, they argue, and Wl In Washinglnn leaders 01 the group the environment can be saved, rdinatiog thenatiooalteach-ID - :-vh,ch Others maintain that the roots 01 the :. calls itself Environmental Action - environmental crisis lie in the economic said they expect students Irom more than and political system, Capitalism, they 600 colleges 10 participate. They expect as argue is oriented toward the exploitation many as 1,300 high schools ,and many 01 r.:sources and domination or the community groups also to be mvolved. en"irgnment. Until that system is Activities which the coordina~rs say changed, they say, the environment will take P lace in some communities and . cl d cannot be saved. on some campuses on April 22 In U .e: The difference in analysis results in a • seminars, courses and mass meetmgs ti disagreement over tac cs as well. 011 envirMmental issues. One group believes in educating "e • Such udramatizations" as the ..... 1 prese ntation of satirical .award~ to public. arid trying to elect politicians on bing nes environmental platforms. Its members polluters burying automo lee 1 , are afraid of _tying environmental issues turning 'sp<>llights on helching smokestacks touring industr,al plants, and 100 closely to social controversies, because gathering garbage and returning it to tts they believe the public is tired 01 such producers to be re-used issues as the war. I Dralting model pollution law~ and The other group argues lor more preparing anti-pollution laws~its. militant tactics against goverrunent and • Demanding the establIshment of industry, and for relating the ecological university offices of environmental crisis to other social issues. They argue planning, to see that the institutions are that the war in Vietnam, for example, not polluters. must be tied directly to !be environmental • Marches and rallies at sites of crisis. "If you're worried. about the pollution. _ . extermination of seals and sparrows," one I 11>e presentation 01 pollution ftlm of these activists said at a recent meeting, lestivals, coocerts and photo displays. "I suggest you worry about the • Writing and distributing reports on extermination of millions of people as part local pollution problems. of U.S. roreign poliCY·" • Sit-ins or phone-ins to try to "The ecology movement is at the same immobiliz.e the operations of corporations place as the anti-war movement and the deemed guilty of pollution. civil rights movement were a few years The national teach-in has come in for ago," says Steven Shapiro, professor of some cirticism from some more radical English and comparative literature at the ecology groups. University of California at Irvine. "We're Much of the criticism has been directed all singing 'We Shall Overcome' or, rather, against the national teach-in coordinators, 'We Shall Clean the Street'. We're going10 but there also have been open conflicts have the same collision course in the between local teach-in organizers and ecology movement as in the civil rights radical ecology groups at such places as and the anti-war moveI1J.ents." Boulder, Colo., and Philadelphia. Some radicals fear the environment is being used by potiticians to take students' attention away from war and racial issues. Thus they are suspicious of the teach-in, and especially 01the sources of its money and its ties with p<>liticians. Confronted with some of these questions at last week's meeting of student editors in Washingtoo, Denis Hayes, the national coordinator of !be teach-in, responded that his group has received its funds entirely from private foundations and individual donors, Hayes said also that even the moderate ecology activists had little raith either in President Nixon's announced plans to clean up the environment or in other politicians. "We're not interested in the debate between Nixon and (Sen. Edmund SJ Muskie about how much the government should spend on stopping pollution," he said Underlying the disputes about the leach· in are more basic disagreements about Iactics and ideolngy tbat many fear may values of every member of this society, the processes of corporate decision-making and l;he political priorities of this country: It 15 a movement that will succeed _ because it has to. HOFFMAN'S RECORDS discount prices 5707- 6th Ave. Downtown Kenosha tIw LEADER ~ DOWNJOWN/KENOSHA' ELMWOOD PLAzA/RACINE COlLEGE soaK MART downtqwn kenosha IRT II I The P1 olitics of Environment • QUA'LITY • SATISFACTION • 'SAVI GS ALWAYS in ·eJI. ·e ha•,e chosen April 22 - EARTH DAY - a · the ymbol ol a time when a group of people, m ·Uy young, begin to stand up and y • · . ·o to many fundamental the pa l ·e must remember that a focus on one m does not mean a neglect oC the oth rs. We are able to se more than one oal at a time. Those oC us who have fotJ&bt against the war v1ill conbnue to ao so until 1t is ended ; tho.;e who have sought racial · tice will not be satisifed until it is realized. \'e are beginning a struggle - not only against the vested·interests ol the giant corporatio , not only against the paid-off lity ol our Coogress, not only against the "Strangeloves" in the Pentagon. Survi,·al demands something more. Man'~ continued survival demands an ec:ologically-balanced planet - and this condition is at odds w;th most of the valu~ and umptions oC Western civilization. We must challenge not only the misfit piece. but the whole. There should be a full and impartial . tud or the environmental effects oC every major go,·ernmental or industrial project that will arrect the eco-system of the country - before it is undertaken, not t it · too late. Ir we are to make wise · ons we have to know what we are doi to our environment - whether by bl ting, building or marketing nev,, products - to prove that it is ecologically ound. Some 'nterests in this country will resist the idea that we must actively protect other people and future genera lions, and not just present profits. But a movement is building in this country that will not stand r more of the step-by-step, reckless acc:is11ons that dumped ~age in our air and ater, got and keep us in Vielman, and negl led to give all people in this country a decent standard of living. It is a movem nt that v. ll question the personal ' For You and Your CM' ILIL'S DEEP ROCK SERVICE STATION 2305 Racine 634-9328 ACTIVISM MOVING , TOWARDS TEACH-IN divide the ec?logy n:iovement. . (CPS) - Student a_ctivism d ?~ environmental issues i~ moVInf to~ar w:th first national teachta-mtics an~c ideology di g eements over c w~c{ threaten to divide it in the same w~ li Student movements concern as ear er · l · ues 'th the war in Vietnam and rac1a lSS • WI In Washington leaders of _the gr~up coordinating the national teach-m - ~h1ch all ·tself Environmental Action - now c s I e than said they expect students from mor 600 colleges to participate. They expect as many as 1,300 high schools _and many ·ty groups also to be mvolved commum . Activities which the coordina~rs say will take place in some communities and on some campuses on April 22 includ_e: • Seminars, courses and mass meetings 00 environmental issues. • Such " dramatizations" as the presentation of satirical . award~ to polluters, burying automob~e engmes, turning spotlights on ~lching smokestacks, touring industrial ~lant:5, a!1'1 gathering garbage and returrung it to its producers to be re-used. • Drafting model pollution. laws and preparing anti-pollution lawswts. • Demanding the establi_shment of university offices of environmental planning, to see that the institutions are not polluters. . • Marches and rallies at sites of pollution. . f'l • The presentation of poll1;1tion Im festivals, concerts and photo displays. • \ riling and distributing reports on local pollution problems. • Sit-ins or phone-ins to try to immobilize the operations of corporations deemed guilty of pollution. . The national teach-in has come m for some cirticism from some more radical ecology groups. . tuch of the criticism has been directed against the national teach-in coordinators, but there also have been open conflicts between local teach-in organizers and radical ecology groups at such places as Boulder, Colo., and Philadelphia. Some radicals fear the environment is being used by politicians lo take students' attention away from war and racial issues. Thu.5 they are suspicious of the teach-in, and especially of the sources of its money and its ties with politicians. Confronted with some of these questions at last week's meeting of student editors in Washington, Denis Hayes, the national coordinator of the teach-in, responded that his group has received its funds entirely from private foundations and individual donors. Hayes said also tha t even the moderate ecology activists had little faith either in President Nixon's announced plans to clean up the environment or in other politicians. "We're not interested in the debate between Nixon and (Sen. Edmund S.) Muskie a bout how much the government should spend on stopping pollution," he said. Underlying the disputes about the teachin are more basic disagreements about tactics and ideology that many fear may values of every member of this society, the processes of corporate decision-making, and ~e political priorities of this country. It is a movement that will succeed - becau.5e it has to. II • Some actiV1sts believe the basic causes of environmental problen:is are scientific _ population growth that 1s out of control, the misuse of technology, and pollution of air and water. Control population, change the way technology is used, and get industry to stop polluting, they argue, and the environment can be saved. Others maintain that the roots of the environmental crisis lie in !he. economic and political system. Capitalism, they argue is oriented toward the exploitation of re'sources and domination of the environment. Until that system is changed, they say, the environment cannot be saved. The difference in analysis results in a disagreement over tactics as well. One group believes in educating the public-arid trying to elect politicians on environmental platforms. Its members are afraid of _ tying environmental issues too closely to social controversies, because they believe the public is tired of such issues as the war. The other group argues for more militant tactics against government and industry, and for relating the ecological crisis to other social issues. They argue that the war in Vietnam, for example, must be tied directly to the environmental crisis. "If you're worried . about the extermination of seals and sparrows," one of these activists said at a recent meeting, "I suggest you worry about the extermination of millions of people as part of U.S. foreign policy." "The ecology movement is at the same place as the anti-war movement and the civil rights movement were a few years ago," says Steven Shapiro, professor of English and comparative literature at the University of California at Irvine. "We're all singing 'We Shall Overcome' or, rather, 'We Shall Clean the Street'. We're going to have the same collision course in the ecology movement as in the civil rights and the anti-war movel'I).ents." HOFFMAN1S RECORDS discount prices 5707 - 6th Ave. Downtown Kenosha 1k LEADER MdU3 DOWNJOWN/ KENOSHA ELMWOOD ·~/ RACINE I RT 1- :, 0 COLLEGE BOOK MART duwntown kenosha Science Symposium Registration Starts The. Universit~ of Wisconsin·Parkside is sponsorin a Svmeosi "BiochemIstry of Brain and Memory" on May 25-26 1970 The Symposi Y . posnrm . 011 . 'f' '. ,. t'""lUffi IScompnsed of three scienti ic sessions (designed for specialists actively engag d . h . . . bli I e In researc In this area) an evening pu rc ecture and a panel discussion on medical soc' I d lif I . ti f bi h . I t I ' ia an po I lea imphca IOns.0 .IOC emica con ro of mind and memory. . Persons planning to attend any part of the symposium are required to gt t F' . . f W· . P ksid re IS er 01 Umverslty 0 isconsm- ar 51 e faculty, staff and students there is no reg' t t· . f h dmissl t th . IS fa IOn ee "For ot, ~rs,a ,missIon 0. e evenmg lecture and the panel discussion is free but for th~ gcientific sessions there IS a feeoC $10 (Graduate Students $5) A banquet for s . . . '11 ak I .' ymposrum partiCIpants WI t .e p ~ce on M~y 25th. There IS an additional fee of $5 for the banquet (expected from University of Wisconsin-Parksnn, affiliates also). To si~plify the. task of planning an. effic.ient use of our limited facilities, the gymposiurn Committee requests that University of Wisconsin-Parkside affiliates and area residents should register by May 15th. . _ Svmposium "Biochemistr-y of Brain and Memory" Registration Form for UWP Faculty, Staff, Students and Area Residents (Please make checks payable to: UWP ~ SYMP - BBM.) 1. NAME: ADDRESS: UWP Affiliate Student 2. I will attend the scientific sessions. 3. I will attend the banquet on May 25. 4. I will be accompanied by my spouse for the banquet on Ml\Y 25, 1970 5. I will attend the public lecture on May 25 6. I will attend the panel discussion on May 26 Faculty Staff Not affiliated with UWP Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Please return registration form and check by May 15, 1970, to: S. P. DATTA Symposium to Greenquist Hall The University of Wisconsin Kenosha, Wisconsin 53140 YOUR OWN THING May 7-9 !h~ Wi~C01!~inpremiere._ of . th~ rock musical, Your Own Thmg, Will be presented May 8 and 9 at the Roosevelt Theatre. The show marks New Theatre's third offering this year and the end of their first complete seaston as Kenosha's year-round repertory company. Your Own Thing is based on William Shakespeare's Twelfth Night. an ex-play which became a reader's and teacher's property years ago. Twelfth Night bas been galvanized into entertaining life and restored to the theatre in Your Own Thing, which has' the double merit of being the liveliest and most visually witty show that Kenosha has seen in a long time. Nothing is worse' than the sort of guying with Shakespearean externals by persons without a spark of poetry in them tbat was so popular on Broadway a few years back, and it should be made clear that this isn't that sort of thing at all- indeed there are . moments in the show in which one feels a proximity to the health and raw strength of Elizabetban theatre. There is, in fact, a iikelihood that a number of people who have read or seen Twelfth Night repeatedly, without knowing what on earth it was supposed to be about will learn just that in the course of a visit to Your.Own Thing. Shakespeare's twins, Viola and Sebastian lose each other in a real swinging shipwreck and are washed ashore on the seacoast of New York's Bohemia. In this 1970 version, Viola and Sebastian not only are look alikes, but mod dress~alikes and haircut-alikes; from here on, all is confusion. A rock and roll quartet, the Apocalypse, have their lost fourth member, Disease; Viola in her very own boy's clothing, replaces him - except when Sebastian unbeknown to all including himself: replaces her. They. get tangled up in the moribund love affaIr of Orson, an agent, and Olivia, a discotheque owner. Olivia has reached 30, the age of up-trustworthiness, and hankers. after youth: she lures Viola but is bedded down with what t~rns out to be to her immense relief, SelX' ;:ro. Orson' falls for Viol~, Sweats ooi ~hat seem~ to be .hls ungainsa},;:'.1.... lnffiose1O.l11it.y,only to be saved at the i~i.hhour by :.he revelation of Disease's (Viola's) bosom. The Apocalypse comments on the mixup with songs tbat have the salt of WItand, when set to Shakespeare's lyrics, even the salt of tears. The pepper is supplied by a running commentary from a chorus of slide projections ranging from Arthur Godfrey to God, and including along the way "Duke" Wayne, Bogey, the Bard of Avon and his Virgin Queen, Pope Paul VI between Buddha and Christ. With appropriate tones and opposite mentalities, they proffer maxims and minims of wit and wisdom ttiat are equally hilarious and true. Your Own Thing does for the kids of the sixties with their sexual hangups and his and her looks something of what West Side Story - alias Romeo and Juliet - did for the rumbling teen-age groups of the fifties. Your Own Thing is fun and serious. It has a relevant point. As author Donald Driver says, "Our brutally masculine world has got to go. Why should we be forced to be any way but the way we want to be, our 'own thing'? Why must the American male be a fighter, playing football, be dressed in sbades from bleak to drab, knuckle under to all kinds of rigid ideas of what's right? I haven't time to march on Washington, but this play is my protest." The stroke of genius that makes the production outstanding is to play it on an all white set that functions perfectly well as a conventional stage scene when it is required to do so, but which also serves ~s a screen for a variety of moving and still pictures. This gives the audience a large measure of relief from the visual boredom that a static set is bound to inflict upon the eyes instead of the fluidity and wealth of imagery in films. To go fro~ .a conventional play with a one-set realistIc interior to Your Own Thing. with its multiplicity of transient images IS to pass from the past into the future of the theatre, and to loose a good many doubts about whether that future exists. New Theatre's presentation in~ludes t.wo Parkside students. Greg Stone IS playIng Orson, the. slightly squa~e agent WIth doubts about his masculInIty, and Terry Kollman is working as a producer. Tickets are $\.50 for adults and $1 for tudents and are available from cast ~embe~ or at the Roosevelt box office. No No No .. And you viewers from aU 16 slates will be able to watch as we endeavor to explore this gas bog which, during the 20th century-believe it or not-was actually a populated area known as "Cal-if-ornia." No No 15,000 Stage Pro-War March Led by fundamentalist evangelist Carl McIntire, a crowd of less than 15,000 staged a pro-war response to November's anti-war protest by 300,000 in Washington. Although the New York Times reported the demonstrators numbered 50,000, Washington Police Chief Jerry Wilson estimated the crowd at between ten and 15 thousand; The Washington Post counted 11,000, and the CPS estimated the crowd at no more than 10,000 based on comparisons with past demonstrations on the Washington Monument grounds where the rally was held. Last October's Moratorium crowd, for example, had been estimated at 20,000, and that turn-out was at least twice as large as this month's pro-war turnout At best, the Victory in Vietnam turn-out was one-twenty-fifth the size of the immediate withdrawal march in November. The victory rally, which began with a march down Pennsylvania Avenue along the same route used by anti-war protestors in November, resembled a Bible Belt revival in which prayer in schools, opposition to sex education in schools, eternal salvation, anti-semitism and antiCatholicism were combined with a crusade to stop Communism wherever it exists. _ ...~ The participants were primarily middleaged. Four teen-age boys who said they supported the march said they could not find even four female participants their age in the crowd. Mixing with the crowd were groups of anti-war people including staff members of the New Mobilization and Student Mobilization Committees to End the War in Vietnam and members of the Washington hip community. The pro;-war demonstrators carried Bibles and American flags and sang hymns as Mcintire told the crowd "there are a hundred thousand of you out there." He said the rally would mark a turning point "back to Jesus" in the country, and "it may be the beginning of a holy war against Communism." McIntire asked the crowd, "How many of you would rather be here than in the best hospital in Washingtoo?'" The not too surprising response was positive. He congratulated the crowd on its placards and banners, particularly one that read, "Win America! Save it for me." "That's a good one isn't it?" he laughed, waving to the crowd to chetr for the sign. The rally was broadcast .as part of McIntire's radio series. At one point. the evangelist's hymn leader told the crowd "Some of the educated boys can just play Bach, but tbey can't play hymns." The crowd. respondet:. bv cheerin~ un· ed~ahon. The only represenlative of Congres to appear for the victory rally was Rep. John Rarick (D. La.) whom Mclnlire introduced as "one or us." "You're not ashamed of us." Sen Barry Goldwater, Sen. Strom Thurmond and George Wallace predictably sent telegrams 'of support. Confederate nags were in abundance. Asked whether thal was nol unpatriotic, one nag carrier proclaimed, "This is my Ilat.It's an American flag. And we haven't lost that war yet." After singing the Battle Hymn of the Republic, Mcintire's hymn leader directed the singing of "Dixie" Only a handful of blacks participated In '.he rally, and almost no Jews were In attendance. At one point McIntire saked {rom the podium how many J ws were in the crowd, and there was no signiricanl response. Several groups passed out literature tying Jews, Catholics. blacks, socialists and atheists to (he Communist menace which they said must be stopped before peace can be attained. One demonstrator said he wished Hitler had finished the job of "cleaning out the Jewish Communi rn." Several placards oHered the same sentiment. The National States Rights Party, described by rally staff members as a oeoNazi group, senl a large delegation of demonstrators. Asked by CPS whether the states nghts organization supported Massachusetts' right to forbid its citizens from fighting In undeclared U. S. wars, Dr. E. R. FIelds. national secretary of the organization. said, "No, that's subversion." High winds and inlermittent rain cul short the afternoon for many of the hawk who began drining away long berore Georgia Gov. Lester Maddox spoke against government leniency on Communists. Earlier in the week, some rally organizers asked the FBI to investigate Communist sympathy in the White House, and many of the marchers termed the White House position on Vielnam one or weakness. But other de!T1onstrators supported their president, and one carried a placard reading, "All we oeed is the will to win - Richard Nixon, 1964. It· 1Pol!lry woodstock upon a recent wind roses came . then went . and i missed them very much. dave aiello Science Symposium Registration Starts The University of Wisconsin-Parkside is sponsorin . "Biochemistry of Brain and Memory" on May 25_26 1970 The Syg a . Syn:iposium . on · t·f· · d · ' · mpos1um 1s comprised of three sc1en 1 1c sessions ( es1gned for specialists actively engag d · . . · bl" l t d e m research m this area) an evemng pu 1c ec ure an a panel discussion on medical · 1 d r . implications_ of ?iochemical control of mind and memory. ' socia . an po itical Persons planrung to attend any part of the symposium are requi·red t · t F . · ·1 f w· · p ks"d f o reg1s er 01 uruvers1 yo 1sconsm- ar I e acuity, staff and stud<>nts there is no reg· t t· · f · th d · · t th · 1 " 1s ra wn ee. Fo_r o . ~rs, a _m1sswn o_ e evenmg ecture and the panel discussion is free but for the Scienbf1c sessions there 1s a fee of $10 (Graduate Students $5) A banquet fo · · · ·11 ak . · r symposmm parbc1pants w1 t e place on May 25th. There 1s an additional fee of $5 for th b t t d f U . ·ty f w· . e anque ( expec e rom mvers1 o 1sconsm-Parkside affiliates also). To si~plify the . task of planning an. effic_ient use of our limited facilities, lhe Sympos1~m Committee r~uests that Uruvers1ty of Wisconsin-Parkside affiliates and area residents should r~g1ster by ll4ay 15th. Symposiu~ "Biochemistry of Brain and Memory" Registration Form for UWP Faculty, Staff, Students and Area Residents (Please make checks payable to: UWP- SYMP- BBM.) 1. NAME: ADDRESS: UWP Affiliate $tudent 2. I will attend the scientific sessions. 3. I will attend the banquet on May 25. 4. I will be accompanied by my spouse for the banquet on M<!Y 25, 1970 5. I will attend the public lecture on May 25 6. I will attend the panel discussion on May 26 Faculty Staff Not affiliated with UWP Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 0 0 0 0 0 Please return registration form and check by May 15, 1970, to: S. P.DATTA Symposium Greenquist Hall The University of Wisconsin Kenosha, Wisconsin 53140 YOUR OWN THING May 7-9 The Wisconsin premiere of the rock musical, Your Own Thing, will be presented May 8 and 9 at the Roosevelt Theatre. The show markS New Theatre's third offering this year and the end of their first complete seaston as Kenosha's year-round repertory company. Your Own Thing is based on William Shakespeare's Twelfth Night, an ex-play which became a reader's and teacher's property years ago. Twelfth Night has been galvanized into entertaining life and restored to the theatre in Your Own Thing, which has the double merit of being the liveliest and most visually witty show that Kenosha has seen in a long time. Nothing is worse than the sort of guying with Shakespearean externals by persons without a spark of poetry in them that was so popular on Broadway a few years back, and it should be made clear that this isn't that sort of thing at all - indeed there are moments in the show in which one feels a proximity to the health and raw strength of ~lizabethan theatre. There is, in fact, a likelihood that a number of people who have read or seen Twelfth Night repeatedly, without knowing what on earth it was supposed to be about will learn just that in the course of a visit to Y our•Own Thing. Shakespeare's twins, Viola and Sebastian lose each other in a real swinging shipwreck and are washed ashore on the seacoast of New York's Bohemia. In this 1970 version, Viola and Sebastian not only are lookalikes, but mod dress-alikes and haircut-alikes; from here on, all is confusion. A rock and roll quartet, the Apocalypse, have their lost fourth member, Disease; Viola in her very own boy's clothing, replaces him - except when Sebastian unbeknown to all including himself,' replaces her. They_ get tangled up in the moribund love affair of Orson, an agent, and Olivia, a discotheque owner. Olivia has reached 30, the age of Uflrustworthiness, and hankers_ after youth: she lures Viola but is bedded down with what t• rns out to be, to her immense relief, Seh:. ;, n. Orson falls for Viol~, sweats om ~hat seem!'\ to be .his ungainsa-:,~· ,,!~ '.r mosext:"llH.y, only to be saved at the r .. i.h hour by aie revelation of Disease's (Viola's) bosom. The Apocalypse comments on th~ mixupwith songs that have the salt of wit and, when set to Shakespeare's lyrics, even the salt of tears. The pepper is supplied by a running commentary from a chorus of slide projections ranging from Arthur Godfrey to God, an~ including along the way "Duke" Wayne, Bogey, the Bard of Avon and his Virgin Queen, Pope Paul VI between Buddha and Christ. With appropriate tones and opposite mentalities, they proffer maxims and minims of wit and wisdom that are equally hilarious and true. Your Own Thing does for the kids of the sixties with their sexual hangups and his and her looks something of what West Side Story - alias Romeo and Juliet - did for the rumbling teen-age groups of the fifties. Your Own Thing is fun and serious. It has a relevant point. As author Donald Driver says, "Our brutally masculine world has got to go. Why should we be forced to be any way but the way we want to be, our 'own thing'? Why must the American male be a fighter, playing football, be dressed in shades from bleak to drab, knuckle under to all klnds of rigid ideas of what's right? I haven't time to march on Washington, but this play is my protest." The stroke of genius that makes the production outstanding is to play it on an all white set that functions perfectly well as a conventional stage scene when it is required to do so, but which also serves ~s a screen for a variety of moving and still pictures. This gives the audience a large measure of relief from the visual boredom that a static set is bound to inflict upon the eyes instead of the fluidity and wealth of imagery in films. To go fro~ _a conventional play with a one-set r~al1s~1c interior to Your Own Thing with its multiplicity of transient images is to pass from the past into the future of the theatre, and to loose a good many doubts about whether that future exists. New Theatre's presentation in~ludes ~wo Parkside students. Greg Stone is play1_ng Orson, the - slightly sq~a~e agent with doubts about his mascuhmty, and Terry Kollman is working as a producer. Tickets are $1.50 for adults and $1 for students, and are available from ~st members or ~t the Roosevelt box office. abl to which a tually 15,000 Stage Pro-War March Led by fundamentalist evangelist Carl McIntire, a crowd of less than 15,000 staged a pro-war response to November's anti-war protest by 300,000 in Washington. Although the New York Times reported the demonstrators numbered 50 ,000, Washington Police Chief Jerry Wilson estimated the crowd at between ten and 15 thousand; The Washington Post counted 11,000, and the CPS estimated the crowd at no more than 10,000 based on comparisons with past demonstrations on the Washington Monument grounds where the rally was held. Last October's Moratorium crowd, for example, had been estimated at 20,000, and that turn-out was at least twice as large as this month's pro-war turnout. At best, the Victory in Vietnam turn-out was one-twenty-fifth the size of the immediate withdrawal march in November. The victory rally, which began with a march down Pennsylvania Avenue along the same route used by anti-war protestors in November, resembled a Bible Belt revival in which prayer in schools, opposition to sex education in schools, eternal salvation, anti-semitism and antiCatholicism were combined with a crusade to stop Communism wherever it exists. ,, • The participants were primarily midd1eaged. Four teen-age boys who said they supported the march said they could not find even four female participants their age in the crowd. Mixing with the crowd were groups of anti-war people including staff members of the New Mobilization and Student Mobilization Committees to End the War in Vietnam and members of the Washington hip community. The pr0;-war demonstrators carried Bibles and American flags and sang hymns as McIntire told the crowd "there are a hundred thousand of you out there." He said the rally would mark a turning point "back to Jesus" in the country, and "it may be the beginning of a holy war against Communism.'' McIntire asked the crowd, "How many of you would rather be here than in the best hospital in Washington?" The not too surprising response was positive. He congratulated the crowd on its placards and banners, particularly one that read, "Win America! Save it for me." "That's a good one isn't it?" he laughed, waving to the crowd to chetr for the sign. The rally was broadcast as part of Mclntire's radio series. At one point, the evangelist's hymn leader told the crowd "Some of the educated boys can jt•st play Bach, but they can't play hymns." The crowd responde hv cheerina uneducation. 'loelry woodstock upon a recent wind roses came .. . then went .. . and i missed them very much. dave aiello Design Parkside Mascot The Parkolde COLLEGIAN. in cmjuncbon with the ofllce 01 Athletics aDd the Public Information ofllce. aDJIOUDC" III "Des.gn the ParbJde Muc:ot" contest to be open to oil Parblde otudents. ",. designer or the !int place entry wl1I reeelv a plaque along with a vonily letter from the Doparlment of Athletics. Enlr. mUlt be handed In no later than M Y6.100 !IV< finallIlI wl1I be c:hooen by a pan I or rour otudents and one repr Iabve rrom both the Department of Athletics and the PJIDlic Information oIIice. All students wl1I~oteon the fmalists on May 19th. Entries wl1I be judged 00 their appropriateness, versatility towards use In the various teams, quality and should remain within the Ranger theme . Entries may be turned into the COLLEGIAN office (190 Kenosha). any athletics coach, or the Orrice of Public Information, next to the modolux building at the Parkside campus. Illustrations on this page are 1I0t entries ... just suggestions to start you thinking. Design Parkside Mascot of Athletics and the P.ublic Information office. All students will Yote on the finalists on ay 19th. Entries will be judged 011 their appropnateness, versatility towards use in the variOI.L'l teams, quality and should remain within the Ranger theme. Entries may be turned into the LLEGI office 090 Kenosha), any athletics coach, or the Office of Public Information, next to the modolux building at the Par ide camp . Illustrations on this page are not entries ... just suggestions to start you thinking. Blast ... Counterblast dear boss •• Newman Club Formed If you are interested. contact Rev John Smith. who is residing on Campus Route 4, Box 613. Kenosha. wts .. phone 654.Q876. or Rev. Gary Okees. 71S·lllh treet. Racine. Wis.. also Pete Habether, president of the Newman Club. University of WlsconsmParkside. Both priests are available at anv tune should any student wish to contactthem The Parks ide Newman Club is an organization of Catholic students on campus. Irs purpose is to serve the students physically. mentally and spiritually. Like most organizations at Parkside. the Newman Club is just get ling started. The only regular activity up to now being mass and a discussion Wednesday nights at 9:30 at 1245 Villa Street. Racine. Everyone is welcome to attend this very informal gett~er· Why Earth Day? from the life and times of archie and mehilabel By DON MARQUIS "dear boss iwas talking, with an ant the other day and he handed me a lot of gossip which ants the world around are chewing among themselves "; pass it on to you in the hope that you may relay it to other human beings and hurt their feelings with it "no insect likes human beings and if you think you can see why the only reason i - tolerate you is because you seem less human to me than most of them "here is what they are saying "it wont be long man is making deserts on the earth it wont be long now before man will have used it up so that nothing but ants and centipedes and scorpions can find a living on it "man has oppressed us for a million years but he goes on steadily cutting the ground from under his own feet making deserts deserts deserts "we ants remember and have it all recorded in our,tribal lore when gobi was a paradise swarming with men and rich in human prosperity it is a desert now and the home of scorpions ants and centipedes "'what man calls civilization always results in deserts man is never on the square he uses up the..fat and greenery of the earth each generation wastes a little more of the future with greed and lust for riches "north africa was once a garden spot and them came carthage and rome and despoiled the storehouse and now you have sahara sahara ants and centipedes "toltecs and aztecs had a mighty civilization on this continent but they robbed the soil and wasted nature and now you have deserts scorpions ants and centipedes and the deserts of the near east followed egypt and babylon and assyria and persia and the scorpion succeeds the caesars "america was once' a paradise of timberland and stream but it is dying because of the greed and money lust of a thousand little kings who slashed the timber all to hell and would not be controlled and changed the climate and stole the rainfall from posterity and it wont be long now it wont be long till everything is a desert from the alleghenies to the rockies the deserts are coming the deserts are spreading the springs and streams are drying up one day the mississippi itself will be a bed of sand ants and scorpions and centipedes shall inherit the earth "men talk of money and industry of hard times' and recoveries of finance and economics but the ants wait and the scorpions wait for while men talk they are making deserts all the time getting the world ready for the conquering ant drought and erosion and desert because man cannot learn "rainfall passing off in flood and freshet and carrying good soil with it because there are no longer forests to withhold the water in the billion meticulations of the roots "it wont be long now it wont be long till earth is barren as the moon and sapless as a mumbled bone "dear boss i relay this information without any fear that humanity will lake warning and reform signed archy" reprinted by permission of Ballantine Books, Inc. in New York Stop Sanguine Activism Low At Parks ide Student activists - is there such a word at Parkside? Hell No! Thereis however partial participation in cer~in clubs' organizations, music, sports and so on· but the activism I'm talking about has to do with the students at a stage in his life. The energetic idealist, a person who wants things to do and who'll get things done. A person who is involved. In a number of random questions, students were asked who's the C.C.C.? Who is the Assistant Chancellor? Where is there a lecture tonight? More often than not, no one knew, Why Not The Involvement? Parkside is basically a computer. One, is' which the student upon graduating from high school moves right across the street to another, Parkside. He and-or she also bring their high schoolish ideas and lack of school spirit along with no incentive while moving to a place of split authority and disorganization; the result - The University of wisconsin-Parkside. Well, for you informative little Kiddies college is not like this. I site Madison and Milwaukee as examples. From a former student, "What a change. No curves in grading; Parkside is like an Advanced High School". So start moving! Get involved in ecology, move out in support of your candidate for office. Don't wait! Don't expect to wait for the other guy first. If a problem bugs you do something about it! Set some guts and let's have a little Parkside action! Protest March B)' JACKIE BER:"ACCIII OKed Never before in the history of this planet have people, all people, been so united in a singular struggle - the survival of our earth. The reason for this unification is as simple as it is ugly. Our world and our very existence is being challenged by a two-fold villain far more dangerous and deadly than all of history's tyrants .put together. Our would-be assassins are pollution and over-population. You have, no doubt, heard a good deal about these subjects in past months. Enough, I hope, that you will realize that' they are not obscure terms, but mortal enemies, because we must breathe the air and we know that water is essential for life and too many people is the reason for our dirty air and our poisoned waters. April 22, 1970- Earth Day - is the first of its kind. On this day we have the opportunity and the obligation to cry out in protest against the pollution of our world, Whether you do it by displaying the earth symbol on your car and front door or by participating in one of the E-Day teach-ins or by marching down your city's streetsthis day is our chance. to fight along side our brothers for the biggest, the best, and the most important of all goals. the continuance of life on this planet! A peaceful march in pretest of the Vietnam War Will betaged ~la)' 8 The Park Director, Mr Babich. has approved the request by Robert Cox. Greg While and Lawrence Ison to start the march in Lincoln Park, proceeding to Library Park, north on 6th Avenue. and then to Simmons Island and disband The parade will be directed towards the condemnation of war and to praise peace The parade will consist of marches. banners and slogans. along with bands and cars. received $250for the best play Hope Dahle Jordan, Elm Grove. WOIl lop prize or 500 Ior juvenile fiction and Thomas Harnirez of Fond du Lac got $250 for short Fiction Funds for the awards are provided In a grant from the Johnson Foundation. Racine. cables buried about five feet underground which would. extend under more than 20,000 square miles of Wisconsin fields, forests and lakes. Underground transmitters, carrying enormous amounts of electricity for the running of the antenna, would create a unique electrical environment - expected to be felt in 26 northern counties. According to Senator Gaylord Nelson the Navy has admitted that the potential hazards connected with transmitting such low frequency signals are great since little is known about the frequency level and its effect on plant and animal life. To quote Senator Nelson: "Navy admits that some problems might arise in a venture of such "fremendous scale. But they emphasize that the problems are basically no different, except in extent, from those encountered (and solved) by civilian power and utility companies. ITit appears from preliminary tests that they cannot be overcome, the Navy insists, Project Sanguine will simply not be built ... Here are some of the problems the Navy will consider, from the top down: Air navigation, power lines, telephone Jines, railroad signals, metal fences, animal and plant life, conservation, and cable television. " The State Committee to Stop Sanguineneeds help in organizing activities for EDay, April 22. Project Sanguine is an "excellent focal point for those interested in preserving" Wisconsin's environment. People are needed to help form statewide solidarity in opposition to the Navy's antenna; to inform citizens in this a~ea - about the Project and possible destruction it may cause; and to organize people in the area with ambition to work at preventing the installation of the system in' principles of ecology, economics and national priority. For any further information contact Rise Rossell, Cochairman of the E-Day Activities Committee, 505N. Carroll Street. Apt. 406. Madison, INSURANCE FIRE AUTO LIFE LIABILITY THEfT BONDS BUSINESS ACCIOENT HOSPITALIZATION MARINE HOUSEHOLD Long Houl Coveroge. COlUIfON AND aO.'AlL .NDlY1DUAL AND 'LIn PUNS LlAIIUYT ..WCN:IUAAH'1 COMP.~ CAllOO Kubly Wins Award Herbert Kubly. much published author and professor at Parkside, won first prize for his non-fiction book "Gods and Heroes" Saturday nightat the first annual dinner of' the Council of Wisconsin Writers. Kubly, who teaches Creative Writing here at Parkside, is the author of eight books, including "American In Italy", which won a National Book Award, and five plays as well as hundreds of magazine and newspaper articles. Top prize for fiction was split by Dian W. Henderson, and Mel Ellis, who received $250 each. Henderson wrote "On The Mountain" and Ellis wrote "Wild Goose, Brother Goose". . Jim Weber Dean of Madison and Larry Servais of Fond du Lac each received $125 for collaborating on the top prize-winning short non-fiction story, "Flight of the Great Northwest". Sister Celeste Raspanti, Minneapolis, The Wide, Wild World Of New Film [P601iUIU] ~ 'rl·,·IE !'\~NE'TIC:,f\RT Film Series ".*' .... FIRST U.S. SHOWINGS of the world's top creeuve shOll turns. Black comedy and drama of the absurd con\lrlental WIt and lyrical twmarusm _ animation and collage graphICS. , . coror, surrealism, fantasy, reehsm Project Sanguine is a communications weapon. With the device (planned to be the largest in the world) comes the potential for serious environmental damage to a. large area in northern Wisconsin. The specific plan for Project Sanguine is for an antenna grid of thousands of miles of COMPUTE-A-DATE FRIDAY, APRIL 24 - 8 P.M. RACINE CAMPUS, BADGER ROOM SATURDAY, APRIL 25 - 8 P.M. GREENQUIST HALL Wisconsin's largest computer dating service. Write: 312 E. Wisconsin Ave.r Milwaukeer Wis. 53202 Call 414-271-8311 (24-hr. answering service) "TO FIND THE PERFECT DATE OR MATE" ADMISSION- S1.00 PARKSIDE STUDENTS S1.50 GENERA.L ADMISSION TICKETS AVAILABLE.,. STUDENT ACTIVITIES OFFICE, TALLENT HALL OR AT THE DOOR dear boss .. from the life and times of archie and mehi4tbel By DON MARQUIS "dear boss i was talking with an ant the other day and he handed me a lot of gossip which ants the world around are chewing among themselves "i pass it on to you in the hope that you may relay it to other human beings and hurt their feelings with it "no insect likes human beings and if you think you can see why the only reason i tolerate you is because you seem less human to me than most of them "here is what they are saying "it wont be long man is making deserts on the earth it wont be long now before man will have used it up so that nothing but ants and centipedes and scorpions can find a living on it "man has oppressed us for a million years but he goes on steadily cutting the ground from under his own feet making deserts deserts deserts "we ants remember and have it all recorded in our, tribal lore when gobi was a paradise swarming with men and rich in human prosperity it is a desert now and the home of scorpions ants and centipedes "what man calls civilization always results in deserts man is never on the square he uses up the fat and greenery of the earth each generation wastes a little more of the future with greed and lust for riches "north africa was once a garden spot and them came carthage and rome and despoiled the storehouse and now you have sahara sahara ants and centipedes "toltecs and aztecs had a mighty civilization on this continent but they robbed the soil and wasted nature and now you have deserts scorpions ants and centipedes and the deserts of the near east followed egypt and babylon and assyria and persia and the scorpion succeeds the caesars "america was once a paradise of timberland and stream but it is dying because of the greed and money lust of a thousand little kings who slashed the timber all to hell and would not be controlled and changed the climate and stole the rainfall from posterity and it wont be long now it wont be long till everything is a desert from the alleghenies to the rockies the deserts are coming the deserts are spreading the springs and streams are drying up one day the mississippi itself will be a bed of sand ants and scorpions and centipedes shall inherit the earth "men talk of money and industry of hard times · and recoveries of finance and economics but the ants wait and the scorpions wait for while men talk they are making deserts all the time getting the world ready for the conquering ant drought and erosion and desert because man cannot learn "rainfall passing off in flood and freshet and carrying good soil with it because there are no longer forests to withhold the water in the billion meticulations of the roots "it wont be long now it wont be long till earth is barren as the moon and sapless as a mumbled bone "dear boss i relay this information without any fear that humanity will take warning and reform signed archy" reprinted by permission of Ballantine Books, Inc. in New York Stop Sanguine Project Sanguine is a communications weapon. With the device (planned to be the largest in the world) comes the potential for serious environmental damage to a large area in northern Wisconsin, The specific plan for Project Sanguine is for an antenna grid of thousands of miles of Blast ... Counterblast Activism Low At Parkside Student activists - is there such a word at Parkside? Hell No! There.is however partial participation in cer~in clubs' organizations, music, sports and so on: but the activism I'm talking about has to do with the students at a stage in his life. The energetic idealist, a person who wants things to do and who'll get things done. A person who is involved. In a number of random questions, students were asked who's the C.C.C.? Who is the Assistant Chancellor? Where is there a lecture tonight? More often than not, no one knew. Why Not The Involvement? Parkside is basically a computer. One, is which the student upon graduating from high school moves right across the street to another, Parkside. He and-or she also bring their high schoolish ideas and lack of school spirit along with no incentive while moving to a place of split authority and disorganization; the result - The University of Wisconsin-Parkside. Well, for you informative little Kiddies college is not like this. I site Madison and Milwaukee as examples. From a former student, "What a change. No curves in grading; Parkside is like an Advanced High School". So start moving! Get involved in ecology, move out in support of your candidate for office. Don't wait! Don't expect to wait for the other guy first. If a problem bugs you do something about it! Set some guts and let's have a little Parkside action! cables buried about five feet underground which would extend under more than 20,000 square miles of Wisconsin fields, forests and lakes. Underground transmitters, carrying enormous amounts of electricity for the running of the antenna, would create a unique electrical environment - expected to be felt in 26 northern counties. According to Senator Gaylord Nelson the Navy has admitted that the potential hazards connected with transmitting such low frequency signa'ls are great since little is known about the frequency level and its effect on plant and animal life. To quote Senator Nelson: "Navy admits that some _problems might arise in a venture of such ·u-emendous scafe. But they emphasize that the problems are basically no different, except in extent, from those encountered (and solved) by civilian power and utility companies. If it appears from preliminary tests that they cannot be overcome, the Navy insists, Project Sanguine will simply not be built .. . Here are some of the problems the Navy will consider, from the top down: Air navigation, power lines, telephone lines, railroad signals, metal fences, animal and plant life, conservation, and cable television." The State Committee to Stop Sanguineneeds help in organizing activities for EDay, April 22. Project Sanguine is an excellent focal point for those interested in preserving Wisconsin's environment. People are needed to help form statewide solidarity in opposition to the Navy's antenna· to inform citizens in this area · about th~ Project and possible destruction it may cause; and to organize people in the area with ambition to work at preventing the installation of the srstem in principles of ecology, economics and national priority. For any further information contact Rise Rossell, Cochairman of the E-Day Activities Committee, 505 N. Carroll Street, Apt. 406, Madison. COMPUTE-A-DATE Wisconsin's largest computer dating service. Write: 312 E. Wisconsin Ave., Milwaukee, Wis. 53202 Call 414-271-8311 (24-hr. answer'i ng service) "TO FIND THE PERFECT DATE OR MATE" Newman Club Formed The Parkside . ·ewman Club i · an organization of Catholic ·tudents on campus. It's purpose is lo serve the students physically. mentally and pirituallv Like mo t organization at Parkside. the Newman Club i just getting tarted. The only regular acti\'ity up to now being ma_ and a discussion Wednesday nights at 9:30 at 1245 Villa Street, Racine. E\'er\'one i. welcome lo attend this very informal gettO@!.!ler. Why Earth Day? By JACKIE BER:--..\(THI ·ever before in the hi 'lory of thi, planet have people. all people. been so united in a singular struggle - the survival of our earth The reason for this unification is as simple as it is ugly. Our world and our very existence is being challenged by a two-fold villain far more dangerous and deadly than all of history's tyrants .put together. Our would-be assassins are pollution and over-population. You have, no doubt, heard a good deal about these subjects in past month . Enough, I hope, that you will realize that· they are not obscure terms, but mortal enemies, because we must breathe the air and we know that water is es ential for life and too many people is the rea on for our dirty air and our poisoned water . April 22, 1970 - Earth Day - is the fir l of its kind. On this day we have the opportunity and the obligation lo cry out in protest against the pollution of our world. Whether you do it by displaying the earth symbol on your car and front door or by participating in one of the E-Day teach-ins or by marching down your city's treets - this day is our chance. to fight along side our brothers for the biggest, the best, and the most important of all goals. the continuance of life on this planet! Kubly Wins Award Herbert Kubly, much published author and professor at Parkside, won first prize for his non-fiction book "Gods and Hero ·" Saturday night at the first annual dinner of• the Council of Wisconsin Writers. Kubly, who teaches Creative Writing here al Parkside, is the author of eight book , including "American In Italy", which won a National Book Award, and five play as well as hundreds of magazine and newspaper articles. Top prize for fiction was split by Dion W. Henderson, and Mel Ellis, who received $250 each. Henderson wrote "On The Mountain" and Ellis wrote "Wild Goo e, Brother Goose". . Jim Weber Dean of Madison and Larry Servais of Fond du Lac each received $125 for collaborating on the top prize-winning short non-fiction story, "Flight of the Great Northwest". Sister Celeste Raspanti, Minneapolis, Prot st March OKed A peaceful mnrd1 in proll' I r th Vietnam \\'ar ,, 111 b st, ged ~I.~ 8. The Park D1rl"clor .. \Ir. Babich. I approved the r<'quc:;t by Hobert o . Greg White and l.a\1rcrn.·e 01 on 10 !art the march in Linrnln P rk, proc ling to Library Park. north on 6th n nu•. , nd then to immort Lland and cli·h:111d The parade will bt• dircctl'd l<mard: the condemnation of \1ar nd to 1m1i <' pc, c •. The parade will con i. t of marche . bann r · and .-Jogans, along with bani nnd car . received 250 for the lx•st play. Hope fhhlt' Jordan, Elm Gron>, won lop pnz or ~ lO for ju,·enile f1ct1on and Thoma~ H:i1111r1·1. of Fond du Lac l!Ot :?50 for . hort !ttl1on Funds for th award· ar pro\ldcd 111 grant from the John.o.;on Foundallon. Racin . INSURANCE FIRE AUTO LIFE LIABILITY THEFT BONDS BUSINESS ACCIDENT 1-iOSPIT ALIZA TION MARINE HOUSEHOLD Long Haul Coverages COlU$tON AND aOITA!L INDIVIDUAL AND PLUT ,uNs UAMUTY-WoaKMAN'S COMI',• CAIIGO DON SPARKS INSURANCE AGENCY 1 657-5156 1 5904 39th AVE. The Wide, Wild World Of New Film (!iotit\lMl] O ·-r LJ ]::· ll 1 t\ i c ·Ti r·· /\F(T ~}~ i i Fii1 :;:;, ~;·;i~~ L, i i \ .. : _;, FIRST U.S. SHOWINGS -~ of lhe world·s top creat,-o short J · folms. Black comedy and drama FRIDAY, APRIL 24 - 8 P.M. RACINE CAMPUS, BADGER ROOM of tho absurd • . contrl" ntal wit and lyr,cal humanism • an,ma1,on and collage graph cs ... color, suriealosm, lantasy, realism SATURDAY, APRIL 25 - 8 P,M. GREENQUIST HALL ADMISSION- $1.00 PARKSIDE STUDENTS $1.50 GENERAL ADMISSION TICKETS AVAILABLE - STUDENT ACTIVITIES OFFICE, TALLENT HALL OR AT THE DOOR Kenoshans Protest Taxes "$30 Billion for War in 1969", "S~rtaxWartax ... How much more did you pay?" and "Spend our taxes at home" the placards read. The Kenosha Vietnam Moratorium Committee marched in front of the Kenosha Post Ollice Building April 15. Working in four shifts from ten in the. morning until around five that afternoon, The COLLEGIAN interviewed Mr. Chris Meyer at around two o-clock. At that time there were lour adults; three teenagers . and three children who were marching. Meyer said the committee hoped to r~ch a generally apathetic public by pOintIng out how their taxes were being spent. He , continued to say that the public reaction seemed very favorable and that. the marchers had encountered almost no static. Mr. Meyer was heartened by the apparent success of the march and the good turnout throughout the day of committee members. SMOKING RULE DEFINED . , Smoking is pr ehib ited in the classrooms, laboratories. rest rooms, storerooms, a nd . corridors of university buildings except for such areas as are designated for that purpose. That rule is embodied in the recently revised Wisconsin Administration Code, which the Regents adopted on March 6, and which became effective on Marcb 12. That and other Regent rules in the Code . have the force of law, and now carry increased penalties: fines up to a maximum of $500, and-or prison sentences of up to 90 days. Two points deserve special emphasis. The first is that the non-smoking rule is a faculty rule as well as a Regent rule. It bas now, and has for some years, had the Agents According to a meeting of the Faculty senate, March 10, University Faculty members who are also serving as Faculty advisors to various student groups, will now be .expected by tbe Regents of the University and our own administration to act as intelligence agents. The purpose of ~hlsmove would be to keep the University mformed on the purposes and activities of student organizations. In response to a question by John Cas~ion, Chemistry, as to whether or not advisers were supposed to act as intelligence agents for the University, reportmg mformatIOn about actil,Titiesof s~udent organizations which were d.is~uptive or contrary'" to University policy. Chancellor Wyllie replied that he thought the Regents would expect them to do so. Stella Gray, English, said tbat the policy would encourage Faculty members.not to agree to serve as advisers and encourage the growth of underground student organizations. Anna Williams, Life Science asked if r.ac~lty .~d~isers were e~~ected to be paId spIes .for the AdmImstration and. support of faculty legislative bodies. 'I'ne present rule has the support of the UWParkside University Committee, our campus Senate, and the University Faculty Council, The second point is that the rule is not discretionary in character. It is binding on students, faculty, administrators, campus guests, everybody. You sbould know that the' compliance and enforcement. The Chancellor's biggest complaint seems to be that smoking damages floors, rugs, furniture and fi~tures. I, myself, am being very careful 10 the hallways and lobby of the Kenosha campus. I wouldn't want to harm all the rugs, furniture and. fixtures, you know, like the cement walls and floors. I am always careful to use the ashtraysin the prohibited zones. Regents. Wyllie then replied that-this was not the case. Earlier- Wyllie stated that student activism has raised a question regarding the Faculty adviser's role; however - is he to be only an "adviser of record" or a mor~ .active, interested .and responsible participant, keeping track of what the student organization is doing and serving as a communica tions link between it the faculty and the Administration. ' Cacs Meeting Announced A short meeting has been announced for those students prote§ting the dismissal of Professor Salimons Cacs. The meeting will be held at 2:()()Wednesday, April 29, in the Kenosha campus. lounge and at 12:30 Thursday, Aprtl 23, in the Racine campus lounge. .All those students who are presentl CIrculating petitions, please bring them tY the meet1Og. 0 .- - ·\J1THOl-IT \N(l GOULD ~AV(l OUf\. ENVi'\...O~M(lJ\JT LaFollette Speaks Friday, April 10, marked the first meeting of the students for Laf'ollette committee. Both members and interested students showed' to listen to LaFoilette speak on Vietnam, our polluted environment, and problems of domestic dehumaniza tion. - The congressional candidate pointed out that war-spending is the major cause of inflation in this country. He commented "that"War is caused by man's passions and it breeds inflation." He referred to the South Vietnamese' government as being 'corrupt. "Certainly the South Vietnamese people want peace, in the last election Thieu received only one third of the popular vote, the remaining two thirds went to peace candidates." The Parkside professor called Vietnam an ecological catastrophe. Over 20 per cent of jungle marsh has been destroyed by our bombs and the defoliate called 2-4·5T. This has turned the rice producing nation into one of economic poverty. In response to a question from the gathering about 2-4-5T he said that it caused birth defects in both human and animal young. Next he attacked the materialistic attitudes of America today. "Man has lost his feeling for his brother. This loss of feelmg ISr.es~onsiblefor our slow progress as a Christian nation and a leader in modern world society." H~continued, "Before we can make any ma~or changes, for example in our env.lronm~~t, we must reconstruct our social, spiritual and economic values." .In response to another question, LaFollette stressed the importance of cU~blI~g.o~r space program. From a scientific Viewpoint he is in favor of space explo.rahon, but he feels that our economic priority should be given to this nation's ~nvIronment and sociological Improvement. Dr .. LaFollette concluded that by stressing tbat Vietnam pollution and man's dehumanization cduld all be helped and healed if those people who were _appalled by these problems would care enou~ to become involved in their solutIons. Greeks Make Appearance ROTC Enrollment Drops showing enrollment at its member sch I is down 22 per cent from 1968-69and 3600 s cent from 1966-67. • , per None of the' scbools in the AAUhave had compulsory programs since 1965 indicating there are other reasons forth' drop. e The AAU report traces the drop t uncertainty about the draft, oppositiont: the war In Vietnam, and grOWinga ti military sentiment on campuses. n . But the trend may be reversed Th elimination of student deferments, ~hic~ the Nixon administration has be reported to favor and the Americ~ Council of Education recently endorsed would probably send ROTC enrollment figures skyrocketing as students grabbed the last chance of staying out for a few years. (CPS) _ ROTC enrollment' has dropped zt per cent nationwide over the past year, according to figures released by the .Defense Department. Only 156,286. students are enrolled the current year, compared with 213.015 for 1968-69. During the three year period 1966-67to 1969-70,enrollments nationwide dropped 40 'per cent from 259,694. Defense Secretary 'Melvin Laird blamed the drop in the fact that 48 colleges and universities have made ROTC voluntary instead of compulsory, but ·figures released by another group indicated this is a best a partial explanation. The Association of American Universities, composed of 24 private and 22 public institutions, all but two of whicb . have ROTC programs, released a study recognized by the C.C.C. Zeta Beta Tau was founded in 1898at City College of New York. Since then it has expanded to include chapters' and colonies, making ZBT the third largestia the country. The men of ZBT already have an open smoker behind them which was a success. A road rally "Spring Sprint" is beingbeld on April 26 at Tallent HalL Also plannedin the near future is a clean-up of Kennedy Drive. Any men interested in joining should contact Bob Wingate or any member,or call 694-2487. A~ ~mportant part of any universi I tradition, the frate~nity, has made its fty ~ appearance at UW-P Zeta Beta T Irs been the rtf . . au bas •••••••••••••••••••••• ~.____________ Irs ratermty to be olficially PoliutionProlest Rally April 24 Parkside Students for a Better Environment will seek to focus public attention on pollution problems in a seri~ of events planned lor Friday, Aprii24. The campaign will begin when students assemble at 10:()()a.m. in Pershing park for a march to Monument Square where they will read an "Environmental Bill 01 Rights" based on anti-pollution legisiation proposed by Sen. Gaylord Nelson (D-Wis.l and present several "pollution awards" They ";ill then march to tbe Universi~ of wisconsin-Parkside (Racine Campisi where they will pile empty soda can< from the campus vending machines. the The purpose of the rally is to stress;nee importance 01 recycling a1ummum. S~eI, many of the soda cans are partiallYsdbI they will stress tbat the cans shOllI bI composed of pure aliminum so Uteyca a the recycled and consequently help soiv'"I'" environmental problem of solid w disposal. the" After the rally, at about 1:00 p.m.: 10 Will be a car caravan proceedll,g~ Random Lake, Wis., 70 miles north ny. Rac1Oe, to the Krier Preserving Comp8 Sadie Hawkins Th' . b "EN.C" . ISUmversity's music du "n. '58&' IS presentiog its first annual, ,,~ Hawkins Day Dance, "Dogpatch 70~ April 25 from 8:()()to 12:30 in lheJ{~U~ campus lounge. Music lor the e";ent1eatll' prOVided by the Starboys- Spee,al ri~ of the night will be pies aimed at va faculty members. d~'~ The price? Only $.75 for singlesaO for couples. Kenoshans Protest Taxes "$30 Billion for War in 1969", "S~rtax - Wartax . .. How much more did you pay?" and "Spend our taxes at home" the placards read. The Kenosha Vietnam Moratorium Committee marched in front of the Kenosha Post Office Building April 15. Working in four shifts from ten in the. morning until around five that afternoon. and three children who were marchi~- Meyer said the committee hoped to ~~ch a generally apathetic publi~ by pomt1ng out how their taxes were bemg spent. He continued to say that the public reacti\ln seemed very favorable and that . the marchers had encountered almost no static. Mr. Meyer was heartened by the The COLLEGIAN interviewed Mr. Chris Meyer at around two o-clock. At t)1at time there were four adults; three teenagers apparent success of the march and the good turnout throughout the day of committee members. SMOKING RULE DEFINED Smoking is protlibited in the classrooms, laboratories, rest rooms, storerooms, and corridors of university buildings except for such areas as are designated for that purpose. That rule is embodied in the recently revised Wisconsin Administration Code, which the Regents adopted on March 6, and which became effective on March 12. That and other Regent rules in the Code . have the force of law, and now carry increased penalties: fines up to a maximum of $500, and-or prison sentences of up to 90 days. Two points deserve special emphasis. The first is that the non-smoking rule is a faculty rule as well as a Regent rule. It has now, and has for some years, had the Agents According to a meeting of the Faculty Senate, March 10, University Faculty me'!1bers who are also serving as Faculty advisors to various student groups, will no~ be _expected by the Regents of the Uruvers1ty and our own administration to ac_t as intelligence agents. The purpose of ~1s move would be to keep the University informed on the purposes and activities of student organizations. In response to a question by John Cas?ion, Chemistry. as to whether or not advisers were supposed to act as· intelli~enc~ agents for the University, reporting information about actiJJities of s~uden~ organizations , which were dis~uptive or contrary to University pohcy, Chancellor Wyllie replied that he thought the Regents would expect them to do so. Stella Gray, English, said that the policy would encourage Faculty members.not to agree to serve as advisers and encourage the growth of underground student organizations. Anna Williams, Life Science asked if ~ac~lty -~d~isers were expected to be paid spies for the Administration and support of faculty legislative bodies. Tne present rule has the support of the UWParkside University Committee, our campus Senate, and the University Faculty Council The second point is that the rule is not discretionary in character. It is binding on students, faculty, administrators, campus guests, everybody. You should know that the compliance and enforcement. The Chancellor's biggest complaint seems to be that smoking damages floors rugs, furniture and fixtures. I, myself, a~ being very careful in the hallways and lo~by of the Kenosha campus. I wouldn't want to harm all the rugs, furniture and fixtures, you know, like the cement walls ~nd floors. I am always careful to use the ashtrays ·ih the prohibited zones. Regents. Wyllie_then replied that-this was not the case. Earlier- Wyllie stated that student activism has raised a question regarding the Faculty adviser's role; however - is he to be only an "adviser of record" or a more active, interested .and responsible participant, keeping track of what the student organization is doing and serving as a communications link between it the faculty and the Administration. ' Cacs Meeting Announced A short meeting has been announced for those students protesting the dismi~sal of Professor Salimons Cacs. The meeting will be held at 2:00 Wednesday, April 29, in the Kenosha campus lounge- and at 12. 30 Thursday, April 23, in the Racine camp.us lounge. . All those students who are present! circulating petitions, please bring th { the meeting. em o - \J1THOUT '\,J<l GouLD .~Al OU~ ENvi f\OJJM<l rv T ROTC Enrollment Drops showing enrollment at its member sch 1 is down 22 per cent from _1 968-69, and 36 ° 0 s cent from 1966-67. per (CPS) - ROTC enrollment'has dropped 27 per cent nationwide over the past year, according to figures released by tpe · Defense Department. Only 156,286 students are enrolled the current year, compared with 213,015 for 1968-69. During the three year period 1966-67 to 1969-70, enrollments nationwide dropped 40 per cent from 259,694. Defense Secretary Melvin Laird blamed the drop in the fact that 48 colleges and universities have made ROTC voluntary instea d of compulsory, but figures released by another group indicated this is a best a partial explanation. The Associa tion of American Universities, composed of 24 private and 22 public institutions, all but two of which . have ROTC programs, released a study laf olletfe Speaks Friday, April 10, marked the first meeting of the students for LaFollette committee. Both members and interesteQ. students showed to listen to LaFollette speak on Vietnam, our polluted environment, and problems of domestic dehumanization. · The congressional candidate pointed out that war-spending is the major cause of inflation in this country. He commented 'that "War is caused by man's passions and it breeds inflation." He referred to the South Vietnamese· government as being corrupt. "Certainly the South Vietnamese people want peace, in the last election Thieu received only one third of the popular vote, the remaining two thirds went to peace candidates." The Parkside professor called Vietnam an ecological catastrophe. Over 20 per cent of jungle marsh has been destroyed by our bombs and the defoliate called 2-4-ST. This has turned the rice producing nation into one o~ economic poverty. In response to a question from the gathering about 2-4-5T he said that it caused birth defects in both human and animal young. Next he attacked the materialistic a!titude~ of America today. " Man has lost his feelmg for his brother. This loss of feeling is r_esponsible for our slow progress as a Christian nation and a leader in modern world society." H~ continued, "Before we can make any maJ_or changes, for example in our env_1ronm~~t, we must reconstruct our social, spmtual and economic values.,, In response to another question LaF~llette stressed the importance of cu_rb1~g. our space program. From a sc1enbf1~ viewpoint he is in favor of space explo_rabon, but he feels tha t our economic prio~1ty should be given to this na tion's ~nv1ronment and sociologica l improvement. Dr .. LaFollette concluded that by stressing that Vietnam polluti d m , d h _ . , on a n an s e umamzation could all be helped and healed if those people who were _appalled by these problems would care enou~ to become involved in their solutions. Greeks Make Appearance An important part f . tr dir o a ny umversity's a ion, the fraternity, has made its f' t appearance at UW-P . Zeta Beta Tau irs been the first fraternity to be offici~; None of the· schools in the AAU have had compulsory programs since 1965 indicating there are other reasons for th' drop. e The AAU report traces the drop t uncertain~y a~out the draft, opposition t~ the war m Vietnam, and growing a ti military sentiment on campuses. n · But the trend may be reversed Th elimination of student deferments ~h· ~ the Nixon administration ha~ b;~n reported to favor and the Americ Council of Education recently endors~n would probably send ROTC enrollment figures skyrocketing as students grabbed the last chance of staying out for a few years. recognized by the C.C.C. Zeta Beta Tau was founded in 1898 at City College of New York. Since then it has expanded to include chapters. and colonies, making ZBT the third largest in the country. The men of ZBT already have an open smoker behind them which was a success. A road rally "Spring Sprint" is being held on April 26 at Tallent Hall. Also planned in the near future is a clean-up of Kennedy Drive. I Any men interested in joining should contact Bob Wingate or any member, or call 694-2487. Pollution Protest Rally April 24 Parkside Students for a Better Environment will seek to focus public attention on pollution problems in a series of events planned for Friday, April 24. The campaign will begin when students assemble at 10 :00 a.m. in Pershing Park for a march to Monument Square where they will read an "Environmental Bill of Rights" based on anti-pollution legislation proposed by Sen. Gaylord Nelson (D-W!s.l and present several "pollutlon awards" . . They will then march to the Univers1 ~ of Wisconsin-Parkside (Racine eampusl where they will pile empty soda cans from the campus vending machines. th . The purpose of the rally is ~ stressinc! importance of recycling aluminum, 5 tee! ma~y of the soda cans are partially 5 d ~ they will stress that the cans shoul be com posed of pure a liminum so they can (he recycled and consequently help _soJveaste · environmental problem of sohd w disposal. _After the rally, at about 1:00 p.rn.! theio will be a car caravan proceeding r Random Lake Wis 70 miles north 0 Racine, to the Krier Preserving CompanY· Sadie Hawkins Th. b "EN.C-, . 1s University's music clu , 1 " · ·gadie 1s presentiog its first annual ,, 1)11 Hawkins Day Dance, "Dogpatch '70 's111 April 25 from 8:00 to 12:30 in thel<~Ubl campus lounge. Music for the e~en\eaturl provided by the Starboys. special ri~ of the night will be pies aimed at va faculty members. d$l-~ The price? Only$.75 for singles an for couples. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Parkside Collegian, Volume 1, issue 12, April 20, 1970 Description An account of the resource Student newspaper of the University of Wisconsin-Parkside, Kenosha, Wis. Subject The topic of the resource College student newspapers and periodicals Student publications University of Wisconsin-Parkside--Newspapers Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Newspaper Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Kenosha, Wisconsin Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available University of Wisconsin-Parkside Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The Board of Regents of the University Wisconsin System